page 16 of 20
MIAPbP
(432)First results of the CAST-RADES haloscope search for axions at 34.67 μeV
  • A. Álvarez Melcón,
  • S. Arguedas Cuendis,
  • J. Baier,
  • K. Barth,
  • H. Bräuninger
  • +55
  • S. Calatroni,
  • G. Cantatore,
  • F. Caspers,
  • J. F. Castel,
  • S. A. Cetin,
  • C. Cogollos,
  • T. Dafni,
  • M. Davenport,
  • A. Dermenev,
  • K. Desch,
  • A. Díaz-Morcillo,
  • B. Döbrich,
  • H. Fischer,
  • W. Funk,
  • J. D. Gallego,
  • J. M. García Barceló,
  • A. Gardikiotis,
  • J. G. Garza,
  • B. Gimeno,
  • S. Gninenko,
  • J. Golm,
  • M. D. Hasinoff,
  • D. H. H. Hoffmann,
  • I. G. Irastorza,
  • K. Jakovčić,
  • J. Kaminski,
  • M. Karuza,
  • B. Lakić,
  • J. M. Laurent,
  • A. J. Lozano-Guerrero,
  • G. Luzón,
  • C. Malbrunot,
  • M. Maroudas,
  • J. Miralda-Escudé,
  • H. Mirallas,
  • L. Miceli,
  • P. Navarro,
  • A. Ozbey,
  • K. Özbozduman,
  • C. Peña Garay,
  • M. J. Pivovaroff,
  • J. Redondo,
  • J. Ruz,
  • E. Ruiz Chóliz,
  • S. Schmidt,
  • M. Schumann,
  • Y. K. Semertzidis,
  • S. K. Solanki,
  • L. Stewart,
  • I. Tsagris,
  • T. Vafeiadis,
  • J. K. Vogel,
  • E. Widmann,
  • W. Wuensch,
  • K. Zioutas
  • (less)
Journal of High Energy Physics (10/2021) doi:10.1007/JHEP10(2021)075
abstract + abstract -

We present results of the Relic Axion Dark-Matter Exploratory Setup (RADES), a detector which is part of the CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST), searching for axion dark matter in the 34.67 μeV mass range. A radio frequency cavity consisting of 5 sub-cavities coupled by inductive irises took physics data inside the CAST dipole magnet for the first time using this filter-like haloscope geometry. An exclusion limit with a 95% credibility level on the axion-photon coupling constant of g ≳ 4 × 10−13 GeV−1 over a mass range of 34.6738 μeV < ma< 34.6771 μeV is set. This constitutes a significant improvement over the current strongest limit set by CAST at this mass and is at the same time one of the most sensitive direct searches for an axion dark matter candidate above the mass of 25 μeV. The results also demonstrate the feasibility of exploring a wider mass range around the value probed by CAST-RADES in this work using similar coherent resonant cavities.


MIAPbP
(431)A joint 2- and 3-point clustering analysis of the VIPERS PDR2 catalogue at z 1: breaking the degeneracy of cosmological parameters
  • Alfonso Veropalumbo,
  • Iñigo Sáez Casares,
  • Enzo Branchini,
  • Benjamin R. Granett,
  • Luigi Guzzo
  • +5
  • Federico Marulli,
  • Michele Moresco,
  • Lauro Moscardini,
  • Andrea Pezzotta,
  • Sylvain de la Torre
  • (less)
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (10/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2205
abstract + abstract -

We measure the galaxy two- and three-point correlation functions at z = [0.5, 0.7] and z = [0.7, 0.9], from the Public Data Release 2 (PDR2) of the VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS). We model the two statistics including a non-linear one-loop model for the two-point function and a tree-level model for the three-point function, and perform a joint likelihood analysis. The entire process and non-linear corrections are tested and validated through the use of the 153 highly realistic VIPERS mock catalogues, showing that they are robust down to scales as small as 10 $h^{-1} \, \mathrm{Mpc}$. The mocks are also adopted to compute the covariance matrix that we use for the joint two- and three-point analysis. Despite the limited statistics of the two (volume-limited) subsamples analysed, we demonstrate that such a combination successfully breaks the degeneracy existing at two-point level between clustering amplitude σ8, linear bias b1, and the linear growth rate of fluctuations f. For the latter, in particular, we measure $f(z=0.61)=0.64^{+0.55}_{-0.37}$ and f(z = 0.8) = 1.0 ± 1.0, while the amplitude of clustering is found to be σ8(z = 0.61) = 0.50 ± 0.12 and $\sigma _8(z=0.8)=0.39^{+0.11}_{-0.13}$. These values are in excellent agreement with the extrapolation of a Planck cosmology.


RU-D
(430)Singly and doubly deuterated formaldehyde in massive star-forming regions
  • S. Zahorecz,
  • I. Jimenez-Serra,
  • L. Testi,
  • K. Immer,
  • F. Fontani
  • +3
Astronomy and Astrophysics (09/2021) doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201937012
abstract + abstract -

Context. Deuterated molecules are good tracers of the evolutionary stage of star-forming cores. During the star formation process, deuterated molecules are expected to be enhanced in cold, dense pre-stellar cores and to deplete after protostellar birth.
Aims: In this paper, we study the deuteration fraction of formaldehyde in high-mass star-forming cores at different evolutionary stages to investigate whether the deuteration fraction of formaldehyde can be used as an evolutionary tracer.
Methods: Using the APEX SEPIA Band 5 receiver, we extended our pilot study of the J = 3 →2 rotational lines of HDCO and D2CO to eleven high-mass star-forming regions that host objects at different evolutionary stages. High-resolution follow-up observations of eight objects in ALMA Band 6 were performed to reveal the size of the H2CO emission and to give an estimate of the deuteration fractions HDCO/H2CO and D2CO/HDCO at scales of ~6″ (0.04-0.15 pc at the distance of our targets).
Results: Our observations show that singly and doubly deuterated H2CO are detected towards high-mass protostellar objects (HMPOs) and ultracompact H II regions (UC H II regions), and the deuteration fraction of H2CO is also found to decrease by an order of magnitude from the earlier HMPO phases to the latest evolutionary stage (UC H II), from ~0.13 to ~0.01. We have not detected HDCO and D2CO emission from the youngest sources (i.e. high-mass starless cores or HMSCs).
Conclusions: Our extended study supports the results of the previous pilot study: the deuteration fraction of formaldehyde decreases with the evolutionary stage, but higher sensitivity observations are needed to provide more stringent constraints on the D/H ratio during the HMSC phase. The calculated upper limits for the HMSC sources are high, so the trend between HMSC and HMPO phases cannot be constrained.


RU-D
(429)The TOPGöt high-mass star-forming sample. I. Methyl cyanide emission as tracer of early phases of star formation
  • C. Mininni,
  • F. Fontani,
  • A. Sánchez-Monge,
  • V. M. Rivilla,
  • M. T. Beltrán
  • +7
  • S. Zahorecz,
  • K. Immer,
  • A. Giannetti,
  • P. Caselli,
  • L. Colzi,
  • L. Testi,
  • D. Elia
  • (less)
Astronomy and Astrophysics (09/2021) doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202040262
abstract + abstract -


Aims: The TOPGöt project studies a sample of 86 high-mass star-forming regions in different evolutionary stages from starless cores to ultra compact HII regions. The aim of the survey is to analyze different molecular species in a statistically significant sample to study the chemical evolution in high-mass star-forming regions, and identify chemical tracers of the different phases.
Methods: The sources have been observed with the IRAM 30 m telescope in different spectral windows at 1, 2, and 3 mm. In this first paper, we present the sample and analyze the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the TOPGöt sources to derive physical parameters such as the dust temperature, Tdust, the total column density, NH2, the mass, M, the luminosity, L, and the luminosity-to-mass ratio, L∕M, which is an indicator of the evolutionary stage of the sources. We use the MADCUBA software to analyze the emission of methyl cyanide (CH3CN), a well-known tracer of high-mass star formation.
Results: We built the spectral energy distributions for ~80% of the sample and derived Tdust and NH2 values which range between 9−36 K and ~3 × 1021−7 × 1023 cm−2, respectively. The luminosity of the sources spans over four orders of magnitude from 30 to 3 × 105 L, masses vary between ~30 and 8 × 103 M, and the luminosity-to-mass ratio L∕M covers three orders of magnitude from 6 × 10−2 to 3 × 102 L∕M. The emission of the CH3CN(5K-4K) K-transitions has been detected toward 73 sources (85% of the sample), with 12 nondetections and one source not observed in the frequency range of CH3CN(5K-4K). The emission of CH3CN has been detected toward all evolutionary stages, with the mean abundances showing a clear increase of an order of magnitude from high-mass starless cores to later evolutionary stages. We found a conservative abundance upper limit for high-mass starless cores of XCH3CN < 4.0 × 10−11, and a range in abundance of 4.0 × 10−11 < XCH3CN < 7.0 × 10−11 for those sources that are likely high-mass starless cores or very early high-mass protostellar objects. In fact, in this range of abundance we have identified five sources previously not classified as being in a very early evolutionary stage. The abundance of CH3CN can thus be used to identify high-mass star-forming regions in early phases of star-formation.

Full Tables 3-6 are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/653/A87


RU-D
(428)Rise and fall of post-starburst galaxies in Magneticum Pathfinder
  • Marcel Lotz,
  • Klaus Dolag,
  • Rhea-Silvia Remus,
  • Andreas Burkert
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (09/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2037
abstract + abstract -

Post-starburst (PSB) galaxies belong to a short-lived transition population between star-forming (SF) and quiescent galaxies. Deciphering their heavily discussed evolutionary pathways is paramount to understanding galaxy evolution. We aim to determine the dominant mechanisms governing PSB evolution in both the field and in galaxy clusters. Using the cosmological hydrodynamical simulation suite Magneticum Pathfinder, we identify 647 PSBs with z ~ 0 stellar mass $M_* \ge 5 \times 10^{10} \, \mathrm{M_{\odot }}$ . We track their galactic evolution, merger history, and black hole activity over a time-span of $3.6\,$ Gyr. Additionally, we study cluster PSBs identified at different redshifts and cluster masses. Independent of environment and redshift, we find that PSBs, like SF galaxies, have frequent mergers. At z = 0, $89{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of PSBs have experienced mergers and $65{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ had at least one major merger within the last $2.5\,$ Gyr, leading to strong star formation episodes. In fact, $23{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of z = 0 PSBs were rejuvenated during their starburst. Following the mergers, field PSBs are generally shutdown via a strong increase in active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback (power output $P_{\rm AGN,PSB} \ge 10^{56}\,$ erg Myr-1). We find agreement with observations for both stellar mass functions and z = 0.9 line-of-sight phase space distributions of PSBs in galaxy clusters. Finally, we find that z ≲ 0.5 cluster PSBs are predominantly infalling, especially in high-mass clusters and show no signs of enhanced AGN activity. Thus, we conclude that the majority of cluster PSBs are shutdown via an environmental quenching mechanism such as ram-pressure stripping, while field PSBs are mainly quenched by AGN feedback.


(427)P-wave quarkonium wavefunctions at the origin in the MS ¯ scheme
  • Hee Sok Chung
Journal of High Energy Physics (09/2021) doi:10.1007/JHEP09(2021)195
abstract + abstract -

We compute P-wave quarkonium wavefunctions at the origin in the MS ¯ scheme based on nonrelativistic effective field theories. We include nonperturbative effects from the long-distance behaviors of the potential, while the short-distance behaviors are determined from perturbative QCD. We obtain MS ¯-renormalized P-wave quarkonium wavefunctions at the origin that have the correct scale dependences that are expected from factorization formalisms, so that the dependences on the scheme and scale cancel in physical quantities. This greatly reduces the theoretical uncertainties associated with scheme and scale dependences in predictions of decay and production rates. Based on the calculation of the P-wave wavefunctions at the origin in this work, we make first-principles predictions of electromagnetic decay rates and exclusive electromagnetic production rates of P-wave charmonia and bottomonia, and compare them with measurements.


MIAPbP
(426)Laguerre reconstruction of the BAO feature in halo-based mock galaxy catalogues
  • Farnik Nikakhtar,
  • Ravi K. Sheth,
  • Idit Zehavi
Physical Review D (09/2021) doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.104.063504
abstract + abstract -

Fitting half-integer generalized Laguerre functions to the evolved, real-space dark matter and halo correlation functions provides a simple way to reconstruct their initial shapes. We show that this methodology also works well in a wide variety of realistic, assembly biased, velocity biased and redshift-space distorted mock galaxy catalogs. We use the linear point feature in the monopole of the redshift-space distorted correlation function to quantify the accuracy of our approach. We find that the linear point estimated from the mock galaxy catalogs is insensitive to the details of the biasing scheme at the subpercent level. However, the linear point scale in the nonlinear, biased, and redshift-space distorted field is systematically offset from its scale in the unbiased linear density fluctuation field by more than 1%. In the Laguerre reconstructed correlation function, this is reduced to sub-percent values, so it provides comparable accuracy and precision to methods that reconstruct the full density field before estimating the distance scale. The linear point in the reconstructed density fields provided by these other methods is likewise precise, accurate, and insensitive to galaxy bias. All reconstructions depend on some input parameters, and marginalizing over uncertainties in the input parameters required for reconstruction can degrade both accuracy and precision. The linear point simplifies the marginalization process, enabling more realistic estimates of the precision of the distance scale estimate for negligible additional computational cost. We show this explicitly for Laguerre reconstruction.


(425)Dust in the central parsecs of unobscured AGN: more challenges to the torus
  • M. Almudena Prieto,
  • Jakub Nadolny,
  • Juan A. Fernández-Ontiveros,
  • Mar Mezcua
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (09/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1704
abstract + abstract -

A parsec-scale dusty torus is thought to be the cause of active galactic nuclei (AGN) dichotomy in the 1/2 types, narrow/broad emission lines. In a previous work, on the basis of parsec-scale resolution infrared/optical dust maps, it was found that dust filaments, few parsecs wide and several hundred parsecs long, were ubiquitous features crossing the centre of type 2 AGN, their optical thickness being sufficient to fully obscure the optical nucleus. This work presents the complementary view for type 1 and intermediate-type AGN. The same type of narrow, collimated, dust filaments are equally found at the centre of these AGN. The difference now resides in their location with respect to the nucleus, next to it but not crossing it, as it is the case in type 2, and their reduced optical thickness towards the centre, $A_V \lesssim 1.5\, \rm {mag}$, insufficient to obscure at ultraviolet nucleus wavelengths. It is concluded that large-scale, hundred parsecs to kiloparsecs long, dust filaments and lanes, reminiscent of those seen in the Milky Way, are a common ingredient to the central parsec of galaxies. Their optical thickness changes along their structure in type 2 reaching optical depths high enough to obscure the nucleus in full. Their location with respect to the nucleus and increasing gradient in optical depth towards the centre could naturally lead to the canonical type 1/2 AGN classification, making these filaments to play the role of the torus. Dust filaments and lanes show equivalent morphologies in molecular gas. Gas kinematic in the filaments indicates mass inflows at rates ${\lt}1 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }~ \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$.


(424)Peculiar velocity estimation from kinetic SZ effect using deep neural networks
  • Yuyu Wang,
  • Nesar Ramachandra,
  • Edgar M. Salazar-Canizales,
  • Hume A. Feldman,
  • Richard Watkins
  • +1
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (09/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1715
abstract + abstract -

The Sunyaev-Zel'dolvich (SZ) effect is expected to be instrumental in measuring velocities of distant clusters in near future telescope surveys. We simplify the calculation of peculiar velocities of galaxy clusters using deep learning frameworks trained on numerical simulations to avoid the independent estimation of the optical depth. Images of distorted photon backgrounds are generated for idealized observations using one of the largest cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, the Magneticum simulations. The model is tested to determine its ability of estimating peculiar velocities from future kinetic SZ observations under different noise conditions. The deep learning algorithm displays robustness in estimating peculiar velocities from kinetic SZ effect by an improvement in accuracy of about 17 per cent compared to the analytical approach.


(423)What can we learn about light-meson interactions at electron-positron colliders?
  • Shuang-shi Fang,
  • Bastian Kubis,
  • Andrzej Kupść
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics (09/2021) doi:10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103884
abstract + abstract -

Precision studies at electron-positron colliders with centre-of-mass energies in the charm-tau region and below have strongly contributed to our understanding of light-meson interactions at low energies. We focus on the processes involving two or three light mesons with invariant masses below nucleon-antinucleon threshold. A prominent role is given to the interactions of the nine lightest pseudoscalar mesons (pions, kaons, η, and η) and the two narrow neutral isoscalar vector mesons ω and ϕ. Experimental methods used to produce the mesons are reviewed as well as theory tools to extract properties of the meson-meson interactions. Examples of recent results from the DA ΦNE, BEPCII, and VEPP-2000 colliders are presented. In the outlook we briefly discuss prospects for further studies at future super-charm-tau factories.


RU-D
(422)The integrated three-point correlation function of cosmic shear
  • Anik Halder,
  • Oliver Friedrich,
  • Stella Seitz,
  • Tamas N. Varga
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (09/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1801
abstract + abstract -

We present the integrated three-point shear correlation function iζ± - a higher order statistic of the cosmic shear field - which can be directly estimated in wide-area weak lensing surveys without measuring the full three-point shear correlation function, making this a practical and complementary tool to two-point statistics for weak lensing cosmology. We define it as the one-point aperture mass statistic Map measured at different locations on the shear field correlated with the corresponding local two-point shear correlation function ξ±. Building upon existing work on the integrated bispectrum of the weak lensing convergence field, we present a theoretical framework for computing the integrated three-point function in real space for any projected field within the flat-sky approximation and apply it to cosmic shear. Using analytical formulae for the non-linear matter power spectrum and bispectrum, we model iζ± and validate it on N-body simulations within the uncertainties expected from the sixth year cosmic shear data of the Dark Energy Survey. We also explore the Fisher information content of iζ± and perform a joint analysis with ξ± for two tomographic source redshift bins with realistic shape noise to analyse its power in constraining cosmological parameters. We find that the joint analysis of ξ± and iζ± has the potential to considerably improve parameter constraints from ξ± alone, and can be particularly useful in improving the figure of merit of the dynamical dark energy equation of state parameters from cosmic shear data.


(421)ALMA Observations of Lyα Blob 1: Multiple Major Mergers and Widely Distributed Interstellar Media
  • Hideki Umehata,
  • Ian Smail,
  • Charles C. Steidel,
  • Matthew Hayes,
  • Douglas Scott
  • +9
  • A. M. Swinbank,
  • R. J. Ivison,
  • Toru Nagao,
  • Mariko Kubo,
  • Kouichiro Nakanishi,
  • Yuichi Matsuda,
  • Soh Ikarashi,
  • Yoichi Tamura,
  • J. E. Geach
  • (less)
The Astrophysical Journal (09/2021) doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac1106
abstract + abstract -

We present observations of a giant Lyα blob (LAB) in the SSA22 protocluster at z = 3.1, SSA22-LAB1, taken with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. Dust continuum, along with [C II] 158 μm and CO(4-3) line emission have been detected in LAB1, showing complex morphology and kinematics across a ~100 kpc central region. Seven galaxies at z = 3.0987-3.1016 in the surroundings are identified in [C II] and dust continuum emission, with two of them potential companions or tidal structures associated with the most massive galaxies. Spatially resolved [C II] and infrared luminosity ratios for the widely distributed media (L[Cɪɪ]/LIR ≍ 10-2-10-3) suggest that the observed extended interstellar media are likely to have originated from star formation activity and the contribution from shocked gas is probably not dominant. LAB1 is found to harbor a total molecular gas mass Mmol = (8.7 ± 2.0) × 1010 M, concentrated in the core region of the Lyα-emitting area. While (primarily obscured) star formation activity in the LAB1 core is one of the most plausible power sources for the Lyα emission, multiple major mergers found in the core may also play a role in making LAB1 exceptionally bright and extended in Lyα as a result of cooling radiation induced by gravitational interactions.


CN-4
RU-C
(420)ASASSN-14lp: two possible solutions for the observed ultraviolet suppression
  • Barnabas Barna,
  • Talytha Pereira,
  • Stefan Taubenberger,
  • Mark Magee,
  • Markus Kromer
  • +8
  • Wolfgang Kerzendorf,
  • Christian Vogl,
  • Marc E. Williamson,
  • Andreas Flörs,
  • Ulrich M. Noebauer,
  • Ryan J. Foley,
  • Michele Sasdelli,
  • Wolfgang Hillebrandt
  • (less)
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (09/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1736
abstract + abstract -

We test the adequacy of ultraviolet (UV) spectra for characterizing the outer structure of Type Ia supernova (SN) ejecta. For this purpose, we perform spectroscopic analysis for ASASSN-14lp, a normal SN Ia showing low continuum in the mid-UV regime. To explain the strong UV suppression, two possible origins have been investigated by mapping the chemical profiles over a significant part of their ejecta. We fit the spectral time series with mid-UV coverage obtained before and around maximum light by HST, supplemented with ground-based optical observations for the earliest epochs. The synthetic spectra are calculated with the one-dimensional MC radiative transfer code TARDIS from self-consistent ejecta models. Among several physical parameters, we constrain the abundance profiles of nine chemical elements. We find that a distribution of 56Ni (and other iron-group elements) that extends towards the highest velocities reproduces the observed UV flux well. The presence of radioactive material in the outer layers of the ejecta, if confirmed, implies strong constraints on the possible explosion scenarios. We investigate the impact of the inferred 56Ni distribution on the early light curves with the radiative transfer code TURTLS, and confront the results with the observed light curves of ASASSN-14lp. The inferred abundances are not in conflict with the observed photometry. We also test whether the UV suppression can be reproduced if the radiation at the photosphere is significantly lower in the UV regime than the pure Planck function. In this case, solar metallicity might be sufficient enough at the highest velocities to reproduce the UV suppression.


(419)Cosmic shear cosmology beyond two-point statistics: a combined peak count and correlation function analysis of DES-Y1
  • Joachim Harnois-Déraps,
  • Nicolas Martinet,
  • Tiago Castro,
  • Klaus Dolag,
  • Benjamin Giblin
  • +3
  • Catherine Heymans,
  • Hendrik Hildebrandt,
  • Qianli Xia
  • (less)
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (09/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1623
abstract + abstract -

We constrain cosmological parameters from a joint cosmic shear analysis of peak-counts and the two-point shear correlation functions, as measured from the Dark Energy Survey (DES-Y1). We find the structure growth parameter $S_8\equiv \sigma _8\sqrt{\Omega _{\rm m}/0.3} = 0.766^{+0.033}_{-0.038}$ which, at 4.8 per cent precision, provides one of the tightest constraints on S8 from the DES-Y1 weak lensing data. In our simulation-based method we determine the expected DES-Y1 peak-count signal for a range of cosmologies sampled in four w cold dark matter parameters (Ωm, σ8, h, w0). We also determine the joint covariance matrix with over 1000 realizations at our fiducial cosmology. With mock DES-Y1 data we calibrate the impact of photometric redshift and shear calibration uncertainty on the peak-count, marginalizing over these uncertainties in our cosmological analysis. Using dedicated training samples we show that our measurements are unaffected by mass resolution limits in the simulation, and that our constraints are robust against uncertainty in the effect of baryon feedback. Accurate modelling for the impact of intrinsic alignments on the tomographic peak-count remains a challenge, currently limiting our exploitation of cross-correlated peak counts between high and low redshift bins. We demonstrate that once calibrated, a fully tomographic joint peak-count and correlation functions analysis has the potential to reach a 3 per cent precision on S8 for DES-Y1. Our methodology can be adopted to model any statistic that is sensitive to the non-Gaussian information encoded in the shear field. In order to accelerate the development of these beyond-two-point cosmic shear studies, our simulations are made available to the community upon request.


CN-4
RU-C
(418)HOLISMOKES. V. Microlensing of type II supernovae and time-delay inference through spectroscopic phase retrieval
  • J. Bayer,
  • S. Huber,
  • C. Vogl,
  • S. H. Suyu,
  • S. Taubenberger
  • +3
  • D. Sluse,
  • J. H. H. Chan,
  • W. E. Kerzendorf
  • (less)
Astronomy and Astrophysics (09/2021) doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202040169
abstract + abstract -

We investigate strongly gravitationally lensed type II supernovae (LSNe II) for time-delay cosmography, incorporating microlensing effects; this expands on previous microlensing studies of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). We use the radiative-transfer code TARDIS to recreate five spectra of the prototypical SN 1999em at different times within the plateau phase of the light curve. The microlensing-induced deformations of the spectra and light curves are calculated by placing the SN into magnification maps generated with the code GERLUMPH. We study the impact of microlensing on the color curves and find that there is no strong influence on them during the investigated time interval of the plateau phase. The color curves are only weakly affected by microlensing due to the almost achromatic behavior of the intensity profiles. However, the lack of nonlinear structure in the color curves during the plateau phase of type II-plateau supernovae makes time-delay measurements more challenging compared to SN Ia color curves, given the possible presence of differential dust extinction. Therefore, we further investigate SN phase inference through spectral absorption lines under the influence of microlensing and Gaussian noise. As the spectral features shift to longer wavelengths with progressing time after explosion, the measured wavelength of a specific absorption line provides information on the epoch of the SN. The comparison between retrieved epochs of two observed lensing images then gives the time delay of the images. We find that the phase retrieval method that uses spectral features yields accurate delays with uncertainties of ≲2 days, making it a promising approach.


RU-C
(417)TDCOSMO VIII: Cosmological distance measurements in light of the mass-sheet degeneracy -- forecasts from strong lensing and IFU stellar kinematics
  • A. Yıldırım,
  • S. H. Suyu,
  • G. C. -F. Chen,
  • E. Komatsu
arXiv e-prints (09/2021) e-Print:2109.14615
abstract + abstract -

Time-delay strong lensing (TDSL) is a powerful probe of the current expansion rate of the Universe. However, in light of the discrepancies between early and late-time cosmological studies, efforts revolve around the characterisation of systematic uncertainties in the methods. Here, we focus on the mass-sheet degeneracy (MSD), which is considered a significant source of systematics in TDSL, and aim to assess the constraining power provided by IFU stellar kinematics. We approximate the MSD with a cored, two-parameter extension to the lensing mass profiles (with core radius $r_{\rm c}$ and mass-sheet parameter $\lambda_{\rm int}$). In addition, we utilise mock IFU stellar kinematics of time-delay strong lenses, given the prospects of obtaining such data with JWST. We construct joint strong lensing and stellar dynamical models, where the time delays, mock imaging and IFU observations are used to constrain the mass profile of lens galaxies, and yield joint constraints on the time-delay distance ($D_{\Delta t}$) and angular diameter distance ($D_{\rm d}$) to the lens. We find that mock JWST-like stellar kinematics constrain the internal mass sheet and limit its contribution to the uncertainties of $D_{\Delta t}$ and $D_{\rm d}$, each at the < 4% level, without assumptions on the background cosmological model. These distance constraints would translate to a < 4% precision measurement on $H_{\rm 0}$ in flat $\Lambda CDM$ for a single lens. Our study shows that IFU stellar kinematics of time-delay strong lenses will be key in lifting the MSD on a per lens basis, assuming reasonable core sizes. However, even in the limit of infinite $r_{\rm c}$, where $D_{\Delta t}$ is degenerate with $\lambda_{\rm int}$, stellar kinematics of the deflector, time delays and imaging data will provide powerful constraints on $D_{\rm d}$, which becomes the dominant source of information in the cosmological inference.


(416)Precise Measurements of the Decay of Free Neutrons
  • Dirk Dubbers,
  • Bastian Märkisch
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science (09/2021) doi:10.1146/annurev-nucl-102419-043156
abstract + abstract -

The impact of new and highly precise neutron β decay data is reviewed. We focus on recent results from neutron lifetime, β asymmetry, and electron-neutrino correlation experiments. From these results, weak interaction parameters are extracted with unprecedented precision, which is possible also because of progress in effective field theory and lattice QCD. Limits on New Physics beyond the Standard Model derived from neutron decay data are sharper than those derived from high-energy experiments, except for processes involving right-handed neutrinos.


RU-C
(415)The isotropic attractor solution of axion-SU(2) inflation: universal isotropization in Bianchi type-I geometry
  • Ira Wolfson,
  • Azadeh Maleknejad,
  • Tomoaki Murata,
  • Eiichiro Komatsu,
  • Tsutomu Kobayashi
Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (09/2021) doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2021/09/031
abstract + abstract -

SU(2) gauge fields coupled to an axion field can acquire an isotropic background solution during inflation. We study homogeneous but anisotropic inflationary solutions in the presence of such (massless) gauge fields. A gauge field in the cosmological background may pose a threat to spatial isotropy. We show, however, that such models generally isotropize in Bianchi type-I geometry, and the isotropic solution is the attractor. Restricting the setup by adding an axial symmetry, we revisited the numerical analysis presented in [1]. We find that the reported numerical breakdown in the previous analysis is an artifact of parametrization singularity. We use a new parametrization that is well-defined all over the phase space. We show that the system respects the cosmic no-hair conjecture and the anisotropies always dilute away within a few e-folds.


RU-C
(414)Combining cosmological and local bounds on bimetric theory
  • Angelo Caravano,
  • Marvin Lüben,
  • Jochen Weller
Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (09/2021) doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2021/09/035
abstract + abstract -

Ghost-free bimetric theory describes two nonlinearly interacting spin-2 fields, one massive and one massless, thus extending general relativity. We confront bimetric theory with observations of Supernovae type 1a, Baryon Acoustic Oscillations and the Cosmic Microwave Background in a statistical analysis, utilising the recently proposed physical parametrisation. This directly constrains the physical parameters of the theory, such as the mass of the spin-2 field and its coupling to matter. We find that all models under consideration are in agreement with the data. Next, we compare these results to bounds from local tests of gravity. Our analysis reveals that all two- and three parameter models are observationally consistent with both cosmological and local tests of gravity. The minimal bimetric model (only β1) is ruled out by our combined analysis.


RU-D
(413)Simulating cosmic structure formation with the GADGET-4 code
  • Volker Springel,
  • Rüdiger Pakmor,
  • Oliver Zier,
  • Martin Reinecke
abstract + abstract -

Numerical methods have become a powerful tool for research in astrophysics, but their utility depends critically on the availability of suitable simulation codes. This calls for continuous efforts in code development, which is necessitated also by the rapidly evolving technology underlying today's computing hardware. Here we discuss recent methodological progress in the GADGET code, which has been widely applied in cosmic structure formation over the past two decades. The new version offers improvements in force accuracy, in time-stepping, in adaptivity to a large dynamic range in timescales, in computational efficiency, and in parallel scalability through a special MPI/shared-memory parallelization and communication strategy, and a more-sophisticated domain decomposition algorithm. A manifestly momentum conserving fast multipole method (FMM) can be employed as an alternative to the one-sided TreePM gravity solver introduced in earlier versions. Two different flavours of smoothed particle hydrodynamics, a classic entropy-conserving formulation and a pressure-based approach, are supported for dealing with gaseous flows. The code is able to cope with very large problem sizes, thus allowing accurate predictions for cosmic structure formation in support of future precision tests of cosmology, and at the same time is well adapted to high dynamic range zoom-calculations with extreme variability of the particle number density in the simulated volume. The GADGET-4 code is publicly released to the community and contains infrastructure for on-the-fly group and substructure finding and tracking, as well as merger tree building, a simple model for radiative cooling and star formation, a high dynamic range power spectrum estimator, and an initial conditions generator based on second-order Lagrangian perturbation theory.


(412)Revisiting isocurvature bounds in models unifying the axion with the inflaton
  • Guillermo Ballesteros,
  • Andreas Ringwald,
  • Carlos Tamarit and Yvette Welling
Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (09/2021) doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2021/09/036
abstract + abstract -

Axion scenarios in which the spontaneous breaking of the Peccei-Quinn symmetry takes place before or during inflation, and in which axion dark matter arises from the misalignment mechanism, can be constrained by Cosmic Microwave Background isocurvature bounds. Dark matter isocurvature is thought to be suppressed in models with axion-inflaton interactions, for which axion perturbations are assumed to freeze at horizon crossing during inflation. However, this assumption can be an oversimplification due to the interactions themselves. In particular, non-perturbative effects during reheating may lead to a dramatic growth of axion perturbations. We perform lattice calculations in two models in which the Peccei-Quinn field participates in inflation. We find that the growth of axion perturbations is such that the Peccei-Quinn symmetry is restored for an axion decay constant fA ≲ 1016–1017 GeV, leading to an over-abundance of dark matter, unless fA ≲ 2 × 1011 GeV. For fA ≳ 1016–1017 GeV we still find a large growth of axion perturbations at low momentum, such that a naive extrapolation to CMB scales suggests a violation of the isocurvature bounds.


CN-3
RU-B
(411)Direct detection of non-galactic light dark matter
  • Gonzalo Herrera,
  • Alejandro Ibarra
Physics Letters B (09/2021) doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2021.136551
abstract + abstract -

A fraction of the dark matter in the solar neighborhood might be composed of non-galactic particles with speeds larger than the escape velocity of the Milky Way. The non-galactic dark matter flux would enhance the sensitivity of direct detection experiments, due to the larger momentum transfer to the target. In this note, we calculate the impact of the dark matter flux from the Local Group and the Virgo Supercluster diffuse components in nuclear and electron recoil experiments. The enhancement in the signal rate can be very significant, especially for experiments searching for dark matter induced electron recoils.


IDSL
RU-E
(410)Self-Assembly of Informational Polymers by Templated Ligation
  • J. H. Rosenberger,
  • T. Göppel,
  • P. W. Kudella,
  • D. Braun,
  • U. Gerland
  • +1
abstract + abstract -

The emergence of evermore complex entities from prebiotic building blocks is a key aspect of origins of life research. The RNA-world hypothesis posits that RNA oligomers known as ribozymes acted as the first self-replicating entities. However, the mechanisms governing the self-assembly of complex informational polymers from the shortest prebiotic building blocks were unclear. One open issue concerns the relation between concentration and oligonucleotide length, usually assumed to be exponentially decreasing. Here, we show that a competition of timescales in the self-assembly of informational polymers by templated ligation generically leads to nonmonotonic strand-length distributions with two distinct length scales. The first length scale characterizes the onset of a strongly nonequilibrium regime and is visible as a local minimum. Dynamically, this regime is governed by extension cascades, where the elongation of a “primer” with a short building block is more likely than its dehybridization. The second length scale appears as a local concentration maximum and reflects a balance between degradation and dehybridization of completely hybridized double strands in a heterocatalytic extension-reassembly process. Analytical arguments and extensive numerical simulations within a sequence-independent model allowed us to predict and control these emergent length scales. Nonmonotonic strand-length distributions confirming our theory were obtained in thermocycler experiments using random DNA sequences from a binary alphabet. Our work emphasizes the role of structure-forming processes already for the earliest stages of prebiotic evolution. The accumulation of strands with a typical length reveals a possible starting point for higher-order self-organization events that ultimately lead to a self-replicating, evolving system.


MIAPbP
(409)Positive moments for scattering amplitudes
  • Brando Bellazzini,
  • Joan Elias Miró,
  • Riccardo Rattazzi,
  • Marc Riembau,
  • Francesco Riva
Physical Review D (08/2021) doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.104.036006
abstract + abstract -

We find the complete set of conditions satisfied by the forward 2 →2 scattering amplitude in unitary and causal theories. These are based on an infinite set of energy dependent quantities (the arcs) which are dispersively expressed as moments of a positive measure defined at (arbitrarily) higher energies. We identify optimal finite subsets of constraints, suitable to bound effective field theories (EFTs), at any finite order in the energy expansion. At tree level arcs are in a one to one correspondence with Wilson coefficients. We establish under which conditions this approximation applies, identifying seemingly viable EFTs where it never does. In all cases, we discuss the range of validity in both energy and couplings, where the latter has to satisfy two-sided bounds. We also extend our results to the case of small but finite t . A consequence of our study is that EFTs in which the scattering amplitude in some regime grows in energy faster than E6 cannot be UV completed.


(408)Measurement of the $\gamma n\rightarrow K^0\Sigma^0$ differential cross section over the $K^*$ threshold
  • K. Kohl,
  • S. Alef,
  • R. Beck,
  • A. Braghieri,
  • P. Cole
  • +29
  • R. D. Salvo,
  • A. Fantini,
  • O. Freyermuth,
  • F. Frommberger,
  • F. Ghio,
  • S. Goertz,
  • A. Gridnev,
  • D. Hammann,
  • J. Hannappel,
  • T. Jude,
  • N. Kozlenko,
  • A. Lapik,
  • P. Levi Sandri,
  • V. Lisin,
  • G. Mandaglio,
  • R. Messi,
  • D. Moricciani,
  • V. Nedorezov,
  • V. A. Nikonov,
  • D. Novinsky,
  • P. Pedroni,
  • A. Polonski,
  • B. -E. Reitz,
  • M. Romaniuk,
  • G. Scheluchin,
  • H. Schmieden,
  • A. Stuglev,
  • V. Sumachev,
  • V. Tarakanov
  • (less)
arXiv e-prints (08/2021) e-Print:2108.13319
abstract + abstract -

The differential cross section for the quasi-free photoproduction reaction $\gamma n\rightarrow K^0\Sigma^0$ was measured at BGOOD at ELSA from threshold to a center-of-mass energy of 2400 MeV. An increase in the cross section is observed at forward angles above 2000 MeV. The available statistics prevent an accurate description of this behavior, however it appears consistent with models describing a resonance of dynamically generated vector meson-baryon states, where an equivalent model predicted the $P_C$ states observed at LHCb. If proven correct, this could indicate parallels between the strange and charmed quark sectors.


(407)The Three Hundred Project: The stellar angular momentum evolution of cluster galaxies
  • R. Mostoghiu,
  • A. Knebe,
  • F. R. Pearce,
  • C. Power,
  • C. D. P. Lagos
  • +5
  • W. Cui,
  • S. Borgani,
  • K. Dolag,
  • G. Murante,
  • G. Yepes
  • (less)
Astronomy and Astrophysics (08/2021) doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038425
abstract + abstract -

Using 324 numerically modelled galaxy clusters as provided by THE THREE HUNDRED project, we study the evolution of the kinematic properties of the stellar component of haloes on first infall. We selected objects with Mstar > 5 × 1010 h−1 M within 3R200 of the main cluster halo at z = 0 and followed their progenitors. We find that although haloes are stripped of their dark matter and gas after entering the main cluster halo, there is practically no change in their stellar kinematics. For the vast majority of our `galaxies' - defined as the central stellar component found within the haloes that form our sample - their kinematic properties, as described by the fraction of ordered rotation, and their position in the specific stellar angular momentum−stellar mass plane jstar − Mstar are mostly unchanged by the influence of the central host cluster. However, for a small number of infalling galaxies, stellar mergers and encounters with remnant stellar cores close to the centre of the main cluster, particularly during pericentre passage, are able to spin up their stellar component by z = 0.


(406)Testing one-loop galaxy bias: Cosmological constraints from the power spectrum
  • Andrea Pezzotta,
  • Martin Crocce,
  • Alexander Eggemeier,
  • Ariel G. Sánchez,
  • Román Scoccimarro
Physical Review D (08/2021) doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.104.043531
abstract + abstract -

We investigate the impact of different assumptions in the modeling of one-loop galaxy bias on the recovery of cosmological parameters, as a follow-up of the analysis done in the first paper of the series at fixed cosmology. To carry out these tests we focus on the real-space galaxy-power spectrum from a set of three different synthetic galaxy samples whose clustering properties are meant to match the ones of the CMASS and LOWZ catalogs of BOSS and the SDSS Main Galaxy Sample. We investigate the relevance of allowing for either short range nonlocality or scale-dependent stochasticity by fitting the real-space galaxy autopower spectrum or the combination of galaxy-galaxy and galaxy-matter power spectrum. From a comparison among the goodness of fit (χ2 ), unbiasedness of cosmological parameters (FoB), and figure of merit (FoM) of the model, we find that a simple four-parameter model (linear, quadratic, cubic nonlocal bias, and constant shot noise) with fixed quadratic tidal bias provides a robust modeling choice for the autopower spectrum of the three galaxy samples, up to kmax=0.3 h Mpc-1 and for an effective volume of 6 h-3 Gpc3. Instead, a joint analysis of the two observables fails at larger scales, and a model extension with either higher derivatives or scale-dependent shot noise is necessary to reach a similar kmax, with the latter providing the most accurate and stable results. Throughout the majority of the paper, we fix the description of the nonlinear matter evolution using a hybrid perturbative-N-body approach, RESPRESSO, that was found in the first paper to be the closest performing to the measured matter spectrum. We also test the impact of different modeling assumptions based on perturbative approaches, such as galilean-invariant Renormalised Perturbation Theory (gRPT) and effective field theory (EFT). In all cases, we find the inclusion of scale-dependent shot noise to increase the range of validity of the model in terms of FoB and χ2. Interestingly, these model extensions with additional free parameters do not necessarily lead to an increase in the maximally achievable FoM for the cosmological parameters (h ,Ωch2,As), which are generally consistent with those of the simpler model at smaller kmax.


MIAPbP
(405)Exotic to standard bottomonium transitions
  • Jaume Tarrús Castellà,
  • Emilie Passemar
Physical Review D (08/2021) doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.104.034019
abstract + abstract -

We study the transition widths of ϒ (10753 ) and ϒ (11020 ) into standard bottomonium under the hypothesis that they correspond to the two lowest laying 1-- hybrid bottomonium states. We employ weakly coupled potential NRQCD an effective field theory incorporating the heavy-quark and multipole expansions. We consider the transitions generated by the leading order and next-to-leading order singlet-octet operators. In the multipole expansion the heavy-quark matrix elements factorize from the production of light-quark mesons by gluonic operators. For the leading order operator we compute the widths with a single π0, η or η' in the final state and for the next-to-leading operator for π+π- or K+K-. The hadronization of the gluonic operators is obtained, in the first case, from the axial anomaly and a standard π0-η -η' mixing scheme and, in the second case, we employ a coupled-channel dispersive representation matched to chiral perturbation theory for both the S - and D -wave pieces of the gluonic operator. We compare with experimental values and semi-inclusive widths. Our results strongly suggest that ϒ (11020 ) is indeed a hybrid bottomonium state.


CN-4
RU-C
(404)Probabilistic Reconstruction of Type Ia Supernova SN 2002bo
  • John T. O'Brien,
  • Wolfgang E. Kerzendorf,
  • Andrew Fullard,
  • Marc Williamson,
  • Rüdiger Pakmor
  • +6
  • Johannes Buchner,
  • Stephan Hachinger,
  • Christian Vogl,
  • James H. Gillanders,
  • Andreas Flörs,
  • Patrick van der Smagt
  • (less)
The Astrophysical Journal (08/2021) doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac1173
abstract + abstract -

Manual fits to spectral times series of Type Ia supernovae have provided a method of reconstructing the explosion from a parametric model but due to lack of information about model uncertainties or parameter degeneracies direct comparison between theory and observation is difficult. In order to mitigate this important problem we present a new way to probabilistically reconstruct the outer ejecta of the normal Type Ia supernova SN 2002bo. A single epoch spectrum, taken 10 days before maximum light, is fit by a 13-parameter model describing the elemental composition of the ejecta and the explosion physics (density, temperature, velocity, and explosion epoch). Model evaluation is performed through the application of a novel rapid spectral synthesis technique in which the radiative transfer code, TARDIS, is accelerated by a machine-learning framework. Analysis of the posterior distribution reveals a complex and degenerate parameter space and allows direct comparison to various hydrodynamic models. Our analysis favors detonation over deflagration scenarios and we find that our technique offers a novel way to compare simulation to observation.


(403)Performance of the Data-Handling Hub Readout System for the Belle II Pixel Detector
  • Stefan Huber,
  • Igor Konorov,
  • Dmytro Levit,
  • Stephan Paul,
  • Dominik Steffen
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science (08/2021) doi:10.1109/TNS.2021.3083720
abstract + abstract -

The SuperKEKB accelerator in Tsukuba, Japan is providing e$^+$e$^-$ beams for the Belle II experiment since March 2019. To deal with the aimed peak luminosity being forty times higher than the one recorded at Belle, a pixel detector based on DEPFET technology has been installed. It features a long integration time of 20 $\mu$s resulting in an expected data rate of 20 GByte/s (160 GBit/s) at a maximum occupancy of 3 %. To deal with this high amount of data, the data handling hub (DHH) has been developed. It contains all necessary functionality for the control and readout of the detector. In this paper we describe the architecture and features of the DHH system. Further we will show the key performance characteristics after one year of operation.


CN-2
RU-D
(402)Presence of water on exomoons orbiting free-floating planets: a case study
  • Patricio Javier Ávila,
  • Tommaso Grassi,
  • Stefano Bovino,
  • Andrea Chiavassa,
  • Barbara Ercolano
  • +2
  • Sebastian Oscar Danielache,
  • Eugenio Simoncini
  • (less)
International Journal of Astrobiology (08/2021) doi:10.1017/S1473550421000173
abstract + abstract -

A free-floating planet is a planetary-mass object that orbits around a non-stellar massive object (e.g. a brown dwarf) or around the Galactic Center. The presence of exomoons orbiting free-floating planets has been theoretically predicted by several models. Under specific conditions, these moons are able to retain an atmosphere capable of ensuring the long-term thermal stability of liquid water on their surface. We model this environment with a one-dimensional radiative-convective code coupled to a gas-phase chemical network including cosmic rays and ion-neutral reactions. We find that, under specific conditions and assuming stable orbital parameters over time, liquid water can be formed on the surface of the exomoon. The final amount of water for an Earth-mass exomonoon is smaller than the amount of water in Earth oceans, but enough to host the potential development of primordial life. The chemical equilibrium time-scale is controlled by cosmic rays, the main ionization driver in our model of the exomoon atmosphere.


RU-D
(401)Globular cluster numbers in dark matter haloes in a dual formation scenario: an empirical model within EMERGE
  • Lucas M. Valenzuela,
  • Benjamin P. Moster,
  • Rhea-Silvia Remus,
  • Joseph A. O'Leary,
  • Andreas Burkert
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (08/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1701
abstract + abstract -

We present an empirical model for the number of globular clusters (GCs) in galaxies based on recent data showing a tight relationship between dark matter halo virial masses and GC numbers. While a simple base model forming GCs in low-mass haloes reproduces this relation, we show that a second formation pathway for GCs is needed to account for observed younger GC populations. We confirm previous works that reported the observed linear correlation as being a consequence of hierarchical merging and its insensitivity to the exact GC formation processes at higher virial masses, even for a dual formation scenario. We find that the scatter of the linear relation is strongly correlated with the relative amount of smooth accretion: the more dark matter is smoothly accreted, the fewer GCs a halo has compared to other haloes of the same mass. This scatter is smaller than that introduced by halo mass measurements, indicating that the number of GCs in a galaxy is a good tracer for its dark matter mass. Smooth accretion is also the reason for a lower average dark matter mass per GC in low-mass haloes. Finally, we successfully reproduce the observed general trend of GCs being old and the tendency of more massive haloes hosting older GC systems. Including the second GC formation mechanism through gas-rich mergers leads to a more realistic variety of GC age distributions and also introduces an age inversion in the halo virial mass range log Mvir/M = 11-13.


(400)The explosion of 9-29 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> stars as Type II supernovae: Results from radiative-transfer modeling at one year after explosion
  • Luc Dessart,
  • D. John Hillier,
  • Tuguldur Sukhbold,
  • S. E. Woosley,
  • H. -T. Janka
Astronomy and Astrophysics (08/2021) doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140839
abstract + abstract -

We present a set of nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium steady-state calculations of radiative transfer for one-year-old Type II supernovae (SNe) starting from state-of-the-art explosion models computed with detailed nucleosynthesis. This grid covers single-star progenitors with initial masses between 9 and 29 M, all evolved with the code KEPLER at solar metallicity and ignoring rotation. The [O I] λλ 6300, 6364 line flux generally grows with progenitor mass, and Hα exhibits an equally strong and opposite trend. The [Ca II] λλ 7291, 7323 strength increases at low 56Ni mass, at low explosion energy, or with clumping. This Ca II doublet, which forms primarily in the explosively produced Si/S zones, depends little on the progenitor mass but may strengthen if Ca+ dominates in the H-rich emitting zones or if Ca is abundant in the O-rich zones. Indeed, Si-O shell merging prior to core collapse may boost the Ca II doublet at the expense of the O I doublet, and may thus mimic the metal line strengths of a lower-mass progenitor. We find that the 56Ni bubble effect has a weak impact, probably because it is too weak to induce much of an ionization shift in the various emitting zones. Our simulations compare favorably to observed SNe II, including SN 2008bk (e.g., the 9 M model), SN 2012aw (12 M model), SN 1987A (15 M model), or SN 2015bs (25 M model with no Si-O shell merging). SNe II with narrow lines and a low 56Ni mass are well matched by the weak explosion of 9-11 M progenitors. The nebular-phase spectra of standard SNe II can be explained with progenitors in the mass range 12-15 M, with one notable exception for SN 2015bs. In the intermediate mass range, these mass estimates may increase by a few M, with allowance for clumping of the O-rich material or CO molecular cooling.


CN-4
RU-D
(399)The temperatures of red supergiants in low-metallicity environments
  • Gemma González-Torà,
  • Ben Davies,
  • Rolf-Peter Kudritzki,
  • Bertrand Plez
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (08/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1611
abstract + abstract -

The temperatures of red supergiants (RSGs) are expected to depend on metallicity (Z) in such a way that lower Z RSGs are warmer. In this work, we investigate the Z-dependence of the Hayashi limit by analysing RSGs in the low-Z galaxy Wolf-Lundmark-Mellote, and compare with the RSGs in the higher Z environments of the Small Magellanic Cloud and Large Magellanic Cloud. We determine the effective temperature (Teff) of each star by fitting their spectral energy distributions, as observed by VLT + SHOOTER, with MARCS model atmospheres. We find average temperatures of $T_{\textrm {eff}_{\textrm {WLM}}}=4400\pm 202$ K, $T_{\textrm {eff}_{\textrm {SMC}}}=4130\pm 103$ K, and $T_{\textrm {eff}_{\textrm {LMC}}}=4140\pm 148$ K. From population synthesis analysis, we find that although the Geneva evolutionary models reproduce this trend qualitatively, the RSGs in these models are systematically too cool. We speculate that our results can be explained by the inapplicability of the standard solar mixing length to RSGs.


CN-7
(398)Comparison of heavy-ion transport simulations: Mean-field dynamics in a box
  • Maria Colonna,
  • Ying-Xun Zhang,
  • Yong-Jia Wang,
  • Dan Cozma,
  • Pawel Danielewicz
  • +24
  • Che Ming Ko,
  • Akira Ono,
  • Manyee Betty Tsang,
  • Rui Wang,
  • Hermann Wolter,
  • Jun Xu,
  • Zhen Zhang,
  • Lie-Wen Chen,
  • Hui-Gan Cheng,
  • Hannah Elfner,
  • Zhao-Qing Feng,
  • Myungkuk Kim,
  • Youngman Kim,
  • Sangyong Jeon,
  • Chang-Hwan Lee,
  • Bao-An Li,
  • Qing-Feng Li,
  • Zhu-Xia Li,
  • Swagata Mallik,
  • Dmytro Oliinychenko,
  • Jun Su,
  • Taesoo Song,
  • Agnieszka Sorensen,
  • Feng-Shou Zhang
  • (less)
Physical Review C (08/2021) doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.104.024603
abstract + abstract -

Within the transport model evaluation project (TMEP) of simulations for heavy-ion collisions, the mean-field response is examined here. Specifically, zero-sound propagation is considered for neutron-proton symmetric matter enclosed in a periodic box, at zero temperature and around normal density. The results of several transport codes belonging to two families (BUU-like and QMD-like) are compared among each other and to exact calculations. For BUU-like codes, employing the test particle method, the results depend on the combination of the number of test particles and the spread of the profile functions that weight integration over space. These parameters can be properly adapted to give a good reproduction of the analytical zero-sound features. QMD-like codes, using molecular dynamics methods, are characterized by large damping effects, attributable to the fluctuations inherent in their phase-space representation. Moreover, for a given nuclear effective interaction, they generally lead to slower density oscillations, as compared to BUU-like codes. The latter problem is mitigated in the more recent lattice formulation of some of the QMD codes. The significance of these results for the description of real heavy-ion collisions is discussed.


(397)Early science with the Large Millimeter Telescope: a 1.1 mm AzTEC survey of red-Herschel dusty star-forming galaxies
  • A. Montaña,
  • J. A. Zavala,
  • I. Aretxaga,
  • D. H. Hughes,
  • R. J. Ivison
  • +30
  • A. Pope,
  • D. Sánchez-Argüelles,
  • G. W. Wilson,
  • M. Yun,
  • O. A. Cantua,
  • M. McCrackan,
  • M. J. Michałowski,
  • E. Valiante,
  • V. Arumugam,
  • C. M. Casey,
  • R. Chávez,
  • E. Colín-Beltrán,
  • H. Dannerbauer,
  • J. S. Dunlop,
  • L. Dunne,
  • S. Eales,
  • D. Ferrusca,
  • V. Gómez-Rivera,
  • A. I. Gómez-Ruiz,
  • V. H. de la Luz,
  • S. J. Maddox,
  • G. Narayanan,
  • A. Omont,
  • I. Rodríguez-Montoya,
  • S. Serjeant,
  • F. P. Schloerb,
  • M. Velázquez,
  • S. Ventura-González,
  • P. van der Werf,
  • M. Zeballos
  • (less)
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (08/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1649
abstract + abstract -

We present Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT)/AzTEC 1.1 mm observations of ~100 luminous high-redshift dusty star-forming galaxy candidates from the $\sim 600\,$ sq.deg Herschel-ATLAS survey, selected on the basis of their SPIRE red far-infrared colours and with $S_{500\, \mu \rm m}=35-80$ mJy. With an effective $\theta _{\rm FWHM}\approx 9.5\,$arcsec angular resolution, our observations reveal that at least 9 per cent of the targets break into multiple systems with signal-to-noise ratio ≥4 members. The fraction of multiple systems increases to ~23 per cent (or more) if some non-detected targets are considered multiples, as suggested by the data. Combining the new AzTEC and deblended Herschel photometry, we derive photometric redshifts, infrared luminosities, and star formation rates. While the median redshifts of the multiple and single systems are similar (zmed ≍ 3.6), the redshift distribution of the latter is skewed towards higher redshifts. Of the AzTEC sources, ~85 per cent lie at zphot > 3 while ~33 per cent are at zphot > 4. This corresponds to a lower limit on the space density of ultrared sources at 4 < z < 6 of $\sim 3\times 10^{-7}\, \textrm {Mpc}^{-3}$ with a contribution to the obscured star formation of $\gtrsim 8\times 10^{-4}\, \textrm {M}_\odot \, \textrm {yr}^{-1} \, \textrm {Mpc}^{-3}$. Some of the multiple systems have members with photometric redshifts consistent among them suggesting possible physical associations. Given their angular separations, these systems are most likely galaxy over-densities and/or early-stage pre-coalescence mergers. Finally, we present 3 mm LMT/RSR spectroscopic redshifts of six red-Herschel galaxies at zspec = 3.85-6.03, two of them (at z ~ 4.7) representing new redshift confirmations. Here, we release the AzTEC and deblended Herschel photometry as well as catalogues of the most promising interacting systems and z > 4 galaxies.


(396)Search for charginos and neutralinos in final states with two boosted hadronically decaying bosons and missing transverse momentum in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt {s}$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
  • Georges Aad,
  • Braden Keim Abbott,
  • Dale Abbott,
  • Adam Abed Abud,
  • Kira Abeling
  • +1850
  • Deshan Kavishka Abhayasinghe,
  • Haider Abidi,
  • Halina Abramowicz,
  • Henso Abreu,
  • Yiming Abulaiti,
  • Angel Abusleme,
  • Bobby Samir Acharya,
  • Baida Achkar,
  • Lennart Adam,
  • Claire Adam Bourdarios,
  • Leszek Adamczyk,
  • Lukas Adamek,
  • Sagar Addepalli,
  • Jahred Adelman,
  • Aytul Adiguzel,
  • Sofia Adorni Braccesi Chiassi,
  • Tim Adye,
  • A.A. Affolder,
  • Tony Affolder,
  • Yoav Afik,
  • Christina Agapopoulou,
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  • Xiang Chen,
  • Xin Chen,
  • Ye Chen,
  • Yu-Heng Chen,
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  • Hok Chuen Cheng,
  • Alexander Cheplakov,
  • Evgeniya Cheremushkina,
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  • Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli,
  • Elliott Cheu,
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  • Giorgio Chiarelli,
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  • Edwin Chow,
  • Lawrence Davou Christopher,
  • Ming Chung Chu,
  • Xiaotong Chu,
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  • Francesco Cirotto,
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  • Dan Andrei Ciubotaru,
  • Bianca Monica Ciungu,
  • Allan Clark,
  • Philip Clark,
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  • Christophe Clement,
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  • James Herbert,
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  • Rafael Coelho Lopes De Sa,
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  • Hadar Cohen,
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  • Brian Cole,
  • Johann Collot,
  • Patricia Conde Muino,
  • Simon Connell,
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  • Eimear Isobel Conroy,
  • Francesco Conventi,
  • Harry Cooke,
  • Amanda Sarkar,
  • Felix Cormier,
  • Louie Dartmoor Corpe,
  • Massimo Corradi,
  • Eric Edward Corrigan,
  • Francois Corriveau,
  • Maria Jose Costa Mezquita,
  • Francesco Costanza,
  • Davide Costanzo,
  • Benjamin Michael Cote,
  • Glen Cowan,
  • James William Cowley,
  • Kyle Stuart Cranmer,
  • Sabine Crepe-Renaudin,
  • Francesco Crescioli,
  • Markus Cristinziani,
  • Marco Cristoforetti,
  • Vincent Alexander Croft,
  • Nanni Crosetti,
  • G. Crosetti,
  • Ana Rosario Cueto Gomez,
  • Tulay Cuhadar Donszelmann,
  • Han Cui,
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  • Liam Cunningham,
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  • Marta Czurylo,
  • M.J. Da Cunha Sargedas De Sousa,
  • Joao Victor Da Fonseca Pinto,
  • Cinzia Da Via,
  • Wladyslaw Dabrowski,
  • Tomas Dado,
  • Salah-Eddine Dahbi,
  • Tiesheng Dai,
  • Carlo Dallapiccola,
  • Mogens Dam,
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  • Johannes Frederic Damp,
  • Jeff Dandoy,
  • Maria Florencia Daneri,
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  • Claire David,
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  • Paul De Jong,
  • Hector De La Torre Perez,
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  • Maurizio De Santis,
  • Antonella De Santo,
  • Jean-Baptiste De Vivie De Regie,
  • Dmitri Dedovich,
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  • Allison Mccarn Deiana,
  • Jose Del Peso,
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  • Frederic Deliot,
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  • Domenico Della Volpe,
  • Andrea Dell'Acqua,
  • Lidia Dell'Asta,
  • Marco Delmastro,
  • Pierre Antoine Delsart,
  • Sarah Marie Demers Konezny,
  • Mikhail Demichev,
  • Serguei Denisov,
  • Louis D'Eramo,
  • Dominik Karol Derendarz,
  • Jamal Derkaoui,
  • Frederic Derue,
  • Paul Dervan,
  • Klaus Desch,
  • Karola Dette,
  • Christopher Deutsch,
  • Pier-Olivier Deviveiros,
  • Francesco Armando Di Bello,
  • Anna Di Ciaccio,
  • Lucia Di Ciaccio,
  • Camilla Di Donato,
  • Alessandro Di Girolamo,
  • Giulia Di Gregorio,
  • Andrea Di Luca,
  • Biagio Di Micco,
  • Roberto Di Nardo,
  • Cristinel Diaconu,
  • Flavia De Almeida Dias,
  • T. Dias Do Vale,
  • Marco Aurelio Diaz Gutierrez,
  • Federico Guillermo Diaz Capriles,
  • Jennet Elizabeth Dickinson,
  • Mariia Didenko,
  • Edward Diehl,
  • Janet Dietrich,
  • Sergio Diez Cornell,
  • Carmen Diez Pardos,
  • Aleksandra Dimitrievska,
  • Wei Ding,
  • Jochen Christian Dingfelder,
  • Ioan-Mihail Dinu,
  • Sebastian Dittmeier,
  • Fido Dittus,
  • Fares Djama,
  • Tamar Djobava,
  • Julia Isabell Djuvsland,
  • Aline Barros Do Vale,
  • David Michael Dodsworth,
  • Caterina Doglioni,
  • Jiri Dolejsi,
  • Zdenek Dolezal,
  • Marisilvia Donadelli,
  • Binbin Dong,
  • Julien Noce Donini,
  • Adelina D'Onofrio,
  • Monica D'Onofrio,
  • Jens Dopke,
  • Alessandra Doria,
  • Maria Teresa Dova,
  • Tony Doyle,
  • Eric Drechsler,
  • Etienne Dreyer,
  • Timo Dreyer,
  • Alec Swenson Drobac,
  • Dongshuo Du,
  • Tristan Arnoldus Du Pree,
  • Filipp Dubinin,
  • Michal Dubovsky,
  • Arnaud Dubreuil,
  • Ehud Duchovni,
  • Guenter Duckeck,
  • Otilia Anamaria Ducu,
  • Dominik Duda,
  • Alexey Dudarev,
  • Matteo D'Uffizi,
  • Laurent Duflot,
  • Michael Duehrssen-Debling,
  • Carsten Dulsen,
  • Ana Elena Dumitriu,
  • Monica Dunford,
  • Sascha Dungs,
  • Katherine Elaine Dunne,
  • Arnaud Duperrin,
  • H. Duran Yildiz,
  • Michael Johannes Dueren,
  • Archil Durglishvili,
  • Baishali Dutta,
  • G.I. Dyckes,
  • Mateusz Dyndal,
  • Samuel Dezso Dysch,
  • Bartosz Sebastian Dziedzic,
  • Barbora Eckerova,
  • Michael Glenn Eggleston,
  • Edmar Egidio Purcino De Souza,
  • Lukas Ehrke,
  • Till Eifert,
  • Gerald Eigen,
  • Kevin Frank Einsweiler,
  • Tord Johan Carl Ekelof,
  • Yassine El Ghazali,
  • Hassnae El Jarrari,
  • Ali El Moussaouy,
  • Venugopal Ellajosyula,
  • Mattias Ellert,
  • Frank Ellinghaus,
  • Alison Elliot,
  • Nick Ellis,
  • Johannes Elmsheuser,
  • Markus Elsing,
  • Dmitry Emeliyanov,
  • Alex Emerman,
  • Yuji Enari,
  • Johannes Erdmann,
  • Antonio Ereditato,
  • Paula Agnieszka Erland,
  • Martin Errenst,
  • Marc Escalier,
  • Carlos Escobar Ibanez,
  • Oscar Estrada Pastor,
  • Erez Etzion,
  • Guiomar Gaspar De Andrade Evans,
  • Hal Evans,
  • Meirin Oan Evans,
  • Aleksei Ezhilov,
  • Federica Fabbri,
  • Laura Fabbri,
  • Veronica Fabiani,
  • Gabriel Facini,
  • Vitaliy Fadeyev,
  • Rinat Fakhrutdinov,
  • Speranza Falciano,
  • Peter Johannes Falke,
  • Saskia Falke,
  • Jana Faltova,
  • Yunyun Fan,
  • Yi Fang,
  • Yaquan Fang,
  • Georgios Fanourakis,
  • Marcello Fanti,
  • Mohammed Faraj,
  • Amir Farbin,
  • Ada Farilla,
  • Edoardo Maria Farina,
  • Trisha Farooque,
  • Sinead Farrington,
  • Philippe Farthouat,
  • Farida Fassi,
  • Dimitris Fassouliotis,
  • Michele Faucci Giannelli,
  • William James Fawcett,
  • Louis Fayard,
  • Oleg Fedin,
  • Matthew Carl Feickert,
  • Lorenzo Feligioni,
  • Alix Fell,
  • Cunfeng Feng,
  • Minyu Feng,
  • Michael James Fenton,
  • Alexandre Fenyuk,
  • Sarah Whitney Ferguson,
  • James Edward Ferrando,
  • Arnaud Ferrari,
  • Pamela Ferrari,
  • Roberto Ferrari,
  • Didier Ferrere,
  • Claudio Ferretti,
  • Frank Fiedler,
  • Andrej Filipcic,
  • Frank Filthaut,
  • Miguel Castro Nunes Fiolhais,
  • Luca Fiorini,
  • Florian Fischer,
  • Wade Cameron Fisher,
  • Tobias Fitschen,
  • Ivor Fleck,
  • Philipp Fleischmann,
  • Tobias Flick,
  • Bernhard Matthias Flierl,
  • Lucas Macrorie Flores,
  • Luis Roberto Flores Castillo,
  • Francesco Maria Follega,
  • Nikolai Fomin,
  • Joel Hengwei Foo,
  • Blake Christopher Forland,
  • Andrea Formica,
  • Fabian Alexander Forster,
  • Alessandra Forti,
  • Etienne Marie Fortin,
  • Maria Giovanna Foti,
  • Daniel Fournier,
  • Harald Fox,
  • Paolo Francavilla,
  • Simone Francescato,
  • Matteo Franchini,
  • Silvia Franchino,
  • David Francis,
  • Luca Franco,
  • Laura Franconi,
  • Melissa Franklin,
  • Guglielmo Frattari,
  • Arran Charles Freegard,
  • Patrick Moriishi Freeman,
  • Werner Spolidoro Freund,
  • Elena Murielle Freundlich,
  • Daniel Froidevaux,
  • James Frost,
  • Yao Fu,
  • Minori Fujimoto,
  • Esteban Fullana Torregrosa,
  • Juan Fuster Verdu,
  • Alessandro Gabrielli,
  • Andrea Gabrielli,
  • Paul Philipp Gadow,
  • Guido Gagliardi,
  • Louis-Guillaume Gagnon,
  • Gabriel Gallardo,
  • Elizabeth Gallas,
  • Bruce Joseph Gallop,
  • Rodrigo Gamboa Goni,
  • Kock Kiam Gan,
  • Sanmay Ganguly,
  • Jun Gao,
  • Yanyan Gao,
  • Yongsheng Gao,
  • Francisca Garay Walls,
  • Carmen Garcia,
  • Jose Enrique Garcia Navarro,
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  • Zachary Alden Meadows,
  • Samuel Ross Meehan,
  • Theo Megy,
  • Sascha Mehlhase,
  • Andrew Mehta,
  • Bernhard Meirose,
  • Davide Melini,
  • Bruce Mellado Garcia,
  • Andres Hugo Melo,
  • Federico Meloni,
  • Alexander Melzer,
  • E.D. Mendes Gouveia,
  • Antonio Manuel Mendes Jacques Da Costa,
  • Huan Yu Meng,
  • Lingxin Meng,
  • Sven Menke,
  • Matthias Mentink,
  • Evelin Meoni,
  • Claudia Merlassino,
  • Philippe Mermod,
  • Leonardo Merola,
  • Chiara Meroni,
  • Garrett William Merz,
  • Oleg Meshkov,
  • John Kamal Rizk Meshreki,
  • Jessica Metcalfe,
  • Alaettin Serhan Mete,
  • Christopher John Meyer,
  • Jean-Pierre Meyer,
  • Michele Michetti,
  • Robin Middleton,
  • Liza Mijovic,
  • George Mikenberg,
  • Marcela Mikestikova,
  • Marko Mikuz,
  • Hannes Mildner,
  • Adriana Milic,
  • Chris Milke,
  • David Miller,
  • Laura Stephanie Miller,
  • Alexander Milov,
  • David Anthony Milstead,
  • Tianjue Min,
  • Andrei Minaenko,
  • Irakli Minashvili,
  • Laurynas Mince,
  • Allen Irving Mincer,
  • Bartosz Mindur,
  • Mikhail Mineev,
  • Yuji Minegishi,
  • Yuya Mino,
  • Lluisa Maria Mir Martinez,
  • Marcos Miralles Lopez,
  • Maria Mironova,
  • Takashi Mitani,
  • Vasiliki Mitsou,
  • Monika Mittal,
  • Ovidiu Miu,
  • Paul Miyagawa,
  • Yuta Miyazaki,
  • Atsushi Mizukami,
  • Jan-Ulf Mjoernmark,
  • Tigran Mkrtchyan,
  • Michaela Mlynarikova,
  • Torbjorn Moa,
  • Silke Mobius,
  • Kazuya Mochizuki,
  • Paul Moder,
  • Philipp Mogg,
  • Abdualazem Fadol Mohammed,
  • Soumya Mohapatra,
  • Gaogalalwe Mokgatitswane,
  • Buddhadeb Mondal,
  • Santu Mondal,
  • Klaus Monig,
  • Emmanuel Monnier,
  • Alyssa Rae Montalbano,
  • Javier Montejo Berlingen,
  • Marco Montella,
  • Fernando Monticelli,
  • Nicolas Morange,
  • Luisa Carvalho,
  • Maria Moreno Llacer,
  • Carlos Moreno Martinez,
  • Paolo Morettini,
  • Marcus Matthias Morgenstern,
  • Stefanie Morgenstern,
  • Daniel Mori,
  • Masahiro Morii,
  • Masahiro Morinaga,
  • Vanja Morisbak,
  • Anthony Morley,
  • Alice Morris,
  • Ljiljana Morvaj,
  • Paris Moschovakos,
  • Brian Moser,
  • Maia Mosidze,
  • Tetiana Moskalets,
  • Polina Moskvitina,
  • Joshua Moss,
  • Edward Moyse,
  • Steve Muanza,
  • James Alfred Mueller,
  • Roman Mueller,
  • Daniel Muenstermann,
  • Geoffrey Mullier,
  • Joseph Mullin,
  • Davide Pietro Mungo,
  • Jose Luis Munoz Martinez,
  • Francisca Munoz Sanchez,
  • Martin Murin,
  • Pavel Murin,
  • Bill Murray,
  • Alessia Murrone,
  • Joseph M. Muse,
  • Miha Muskinja,
  • Chilufya Mwewa,
  • Alexei Myagkov,
  • Andrew Joel Myers,
  • Ava Anne Myers,
  • Greg Myers,
  • Miroslav Myska,
  • B.P. Nachman,
  • Olaf Nackenhorst,
  • Abhishek Nag,
  • Koichi Nagai,
  • Kunihiro Nagano,
  • James Lawrence Nagle,
  • Elemer Nagy,
  • Armin Nairz,
  • Yu Nakahama Higuchi,
  • Koji Nakamura,
  • Hajime Nanjo,
  • Fabrizio Napolitano,
  • Rohin Thampilali Narayan,
  • Iurii Naryshkin,
  • Mohsen Naseri,
  • Christian Nass,
  • Thomas Naumann,
  • Gabriela Alejandra Navarro,
  • Josep Navarro Gonzalez,
  • Ranjit Nayak,
  • Polina Nechaeva,
  • Filip Nechansky,
  • T.J. Neep,
  • Andrea Negri,
  • Matteo Negrini,
  • Clara Nellist,
  • Christina Nelson,
  • Kevin Michael Nelson,
  • Stanislav Nemecek,
  • Marzio Nessi,
  • Mark Neubauer,
  • Friedemann Neuhaus,
  • Jonas Neundorf,
  • Robin Newhouse,
  • Paul Richard Newman,
  • Chi Wing Ng,
  • Sam Yanwing Ng,
  • Ying Wun Yvonne Ng,
  • Badr-Eddine Ngair,
  • Hoang Dai Nghia Nguyen,
  • Richard Nickerson,
  • Rosy Nikolaidou,
  • Daniel Nielsen,
  • Jason Nielsen,
  • Marcel Niemeyer,
  • Nikiforos Nikiforou,
  • Vladimir Nikolaenko,
  • I. Nikolic-Audit,
  • Konstantinos Nikolopoulos,
  • Paul Nilsson,
  • Herjuno Rah Nindhito,
  • Aleandro Nisati,
  • Nishu Nishu,
  • Richard Nisius,
  • Tatsumi Nitta,
  • Takuya Nobe,
  • Daniel Louis Noel,
  • Yohei Noguchi,
  • Ioannis Nomidis,
  • Marcelo Ayumu Nomura,
  • Mitchell Bradley Norfolk,
  • Raif Rafideen Bin Norisam,
  • Jakob Novak,
  • Tadej Novak,
  • Olga Novgorodova,
  • Lukas Novotny,
  • Radek Novotn
  • (less)
abstract + abstract -

A search for charginos and neutralinos at the Large Hadron Collider using fully hadronic final states and missing transverse momentum is reported. Pair-produced charginos or neutralinos are explored, each decaying into a high-<math display="inline"><msub><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi></msub></math> Standard Model weak boson. Fully hadronic final states are studied to exploit the advantage of the large branching ratio, and the efficient rejection of backgrounds by identifying the high-<math display="inline"><msub><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi></msub></math> bosons using large-radius jets and jet substructure information. An integrated luminosity of <math display="inline"><mrow><mn>139</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><msup><mrow><mi>fb</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math> of proton-proton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is used. No significant excess is found beyond the Standard Model expectation. Exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level are set on wino or higgsino production with various assumptions about the decay branching ratios and the type of lightest supersymmetric particle. A wino (higgsino) mass up to 1060 (900) GeV is excluded when the lightest supersymmetry particle mass is below 400 (240) GeV and the mass splitting is larger than 400 (450) GeV. The sensitivity to high-mass winos and higgsinos is significantly extended relative to previous LHC searches using other final states.


RU-C
(395)Constraining ultra-light axions with galaxy cluster number counts
  • J. Diehl,
  • J. Weller
Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (08/2021) doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2021/08/004
abstract + abstract -

In this paper we investigate the potential of current and upcoming cosmological surveys to constrain the mass and abundance of ultra-light axion (ULA) cosmologies with galaxy cluster number counts. ULAs, sometimes also referred to as Fuzzy Dark Matter, are well-motivated in many theories beyond the Standard Model and could potentially solve the ΛCDM small-scale crisis. Galaxy cluster counts provide a robust probe of the formation of structures in the Universe. Their distribution in mass and redshift is strongly sensitive to the underlying linear matter perturbations. In this forecast paper we explore two scenarios, firstly an exclusion limit on axion mass given a no-axion model and secondly constraints on an axion model. With this we obtain lower limits on the ULA mass on the order of ma ≳ 10-24 eV. However, this result depends heavily on the mass of the smallest reliably observable clusters for a given survey. Cluster counts, like many other cosmological probes, display an approximate degeneracy in the ULA mass vs. abundance parameter space, which is dependent on the characteristics of the probe. These degeneracies are different for other cosmological probes. Hence galaxy cluster counts might provide a complementary window on the properties of ultra-light axions.


C2PAP
CN-5
(394)On the Small-scale Turbulent Dynamo in the Intracluster Medium: A Comparison to Dynamo Theory*
  • Ulrich P. Steinwandel,
  • Ludwig M. Boess,
  • Klaus Dolag,
  • Harald Lesch
abstract + abstract -

We present non-radiative, cosmological zoom-in simulations of galaxy-cluster formation with magnetic fields and (anisotropic) thermal conduction of one massive galaxy cluster with M

$_{vir}$ ∼ 2 × 10$^{15}$

M

$_{⊙}$ at z ∼ 0. We run the cluster on three resolution levels (1×, 10×, 25×), starting with an effective mass resolution of 2 × 10$^{8}$

M

$_{⊙}$, subsequently increasing the particle number to reach 4 × 10$^{6}$

M

$_{⊙}$. The maximum spatial resolution obtained in the simulations is limited by the gravitational softening reaching ϵ = 1.0 kpc at the highest resolution level, allowing one to resolve the hierarchical assembly of the structures in fine detail. All simulations presented are carried out with the SPMHD code gadget3 with an updated SPMHD prescription. The primary focus of this paper is to investigate magnetic field amplification in the intracluster medium. We show that the main amplification mechanism is the small-scale turbulent dynamo in the limit of reconnection diffusion. In our two highest resolution models we start to resolve the magnetic field amplification driven by the dynamo and we explicitly quantify this with the magnetic power spectra and the curvature of the magnetic field lines, consistent with dynamo theory. Furthermore, we investigate the ∇ ·

B

= 0 constraint within our simulations and show that we achieve comparable results to state-of-the-art AMR or moving-mesh techniques, used in codes such as enzo and arepo. Our results show for the first time in a cosmological simulation of a galaxy cluster that dynamo action can be resolved with modern numerical Lagrangian magnetohydrodynamic methods, a study that is currently missing in the literature.


RU-C
(393)TDCOSMO. VI. Distance measurements in time-delay cosmography under the mass-sheet transformation
  • Geoff C. -F. Chen,
  • Christopher D. Fassnacht,
  • Sherry H. Suyu,
  • Akın Yıldırım,
  • Eiichiro Komatsu
  • +1
Astronomy and Astrophysics (08/2021) doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039895
abstract + abstract -

Time-delay cosmography with gravitationally lensed quasars plays an important role in anchoring the absolute distance scale and hence measuring the Hubble constant, H0, independent of traditional distance ladder methodology. A current potential limitation of time-delay distance measurements is the mass-sheet transformation (MST), which leaves the lensed imaging unchanged but changes the distance measurements and the derived value of H0. In this work we show that the standard method of addressing the MST in time-delay cosmography, through a combination of high-resolution imaging and the measurement of the stellar velocity dispersion of the lensing galaxy, depends on the assumption that the ratio, Ds/Dds, of angular diameter distances to the background quasar and between the lensing galaxy and the quasar can be constrained. This is typically achieved through the assumption of a particular cosmological model. Previous work (TDCOSMO IV) addressed the mass-sheet degeneracy and derived H0 under the assumption of the ΛCDM model. In this paper we show that the mass-sheet degeneracy can be broken without relying on a specific cosmological model by combining lensing with relative distance indicators such as supernovae Type Ia and baryon acoustic oscillations, which constrain the shape of the expansion history and hence Ds/Dds. With this approach, we demonstrate that the mass-sheet degeneracy can be constrained in a cosmological model-independent way. Hence model-independent distance measurements in time-delay cosmography under MSTs can be obtained.


CN-2
IDSL
RU-E
(392)Heat flows in rock cracks naturally optimize salt compositions for ribozymes
  • T. Matreux,
  • K. Le Vay,
  • A. Schmid,
  • P. Aikkila,
  • L. Belohlavek
  • +9
  • A. Z. Çalışkanoğlu,
  • E. Salibi,
  • A. Kühnlein,
  • C. Springsklee,
  • B. Scheu,
  • D. B. Dingwell,
  • D. Braun,
  • H. Mutschler,
  • C. B. Mast
  • (less)
Nature Chemistry (08/2021) doi:10.1038/s41557-021-00772-5
abstract + abstract -

Catalytic nucleic acids, such as ribozymes, are central to a variety of origin-of-life scenarios. Typically, they require elevated magnesium concentrations for folding and activity, but their function can be inhibited by high concentrations of monovalent salts. Here we show that geologically plausible high-sodium, low-magnesium solutions derived from leaching basalt (rock and remelted glass) inhibit ribozyme catalysis, but that this activity can be rescued by selective magnesium up-concentration by heat flow across rock fissures. In contrast to up-concentration by dehydration or freezing, this system is so far from equilibrium that it can actively alter the Mg:Na salt ratio to an extent that enables key ribozyme activities, such as self-replication and RNA extension, in otherwise challenging solution conditions. The principle demonstrated here is applicable to a broad range of salt concentrations and compositions, and, as such, highly relevant to various origin-of-life scenarios.


RU-C
(391)Predictions for local PNG bias in the galaxy power spectrum and bispectrum and the consequences for f $_{NL}$ constraints
  • Alexandre Barreira
abstract + abstract -

We use hydrodynamical separate universe simulations with the IllustrisTNG model to predict the local primordial non-Gaussianity (PNG) bias parameters b

$_{ϕ}$ and b

$_{ϕδ}$, which enter at leading order in the galaxy power spectrum and bispectrum. This is the first time that b

$_{ϕδ}$ is measured from either gravity-only or galaxy formation simulations. For dark matter halos, the popular assumption of universality overpredicts the b

$_{ϕδ}$(b

$_{1}$) relation in the range 1 ≲ b

$_{1}$ ≲ 3 by up to Δ b

$_{ϕδ}$ ∼ 3 (b

$_{1}$ is the linear density bias). The adequacy of the universality relation is worse for the simulated galaxies, with the relations b

$_{ϕ}$(b

$_{1}$) and b

$_{ϕδ}$(b

$_{1}$) being generically redshift-dependent and very sensitive to how galaxies are selected (we test total, stellar and black hole mass, black hole mass accretion rate and color). The uncertainties on b

$_{ϕ}$ and b

$_{ϕδ}$ have a direct, often overlooked impact on the constraints of the local PNG parameter f

$_{NL}$, which we study and discuss. For a survey with V = 100 Gpc$^{3}$/h$^{3}$ at z=1, uncertainties Δ b

$_{ϕ}$ ≲ 1 and Δ b

$_{ϕδ}$ ≲ 5 around values close to the fiducial can yield relatively unbiased constraints on f

$_{NL}$ using power spectrum and bispectrum data. We also show why priors on galaxy bias are useful even in analyses that fit for products f

$_{NL}$

b

$_{ϕ}$ and f

$_{NL}$

b

$_{ϕδ}$. The strategies we discuss to deal with galaxy bias uncertainties can be straightforwardly implemented in existing f

$_{NL}$ constraint analyses (we provide fits for some of the bias relations). Our results motivate more works with galaxy formation simulations to refine our understanding of b

$_{ϕ}$ and b

$_{ϕδ}$ towards improved constraints on f

$_{NL}$.


(390)Host galaxies of high-redshift quasars: SMBH growth and feedback
  • Milena Valentini,
  • Simona Gallerani,
  • Andrea Ferrara
Mon.Not.Roy.Astron.Soc. (07/2021) e-Print:2107.05638 doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1992
abstract + abstract -

The properties of quasar-host galaxies might be determined by the growth and feedback of their supermassive black holes (SMBHs, 10^8−10 M_⊙). We investigate such connection with a suite of cosmological simulations of massive (halo mass ≈10^12 M_⊙) galaxies at z ≃ 6 that include a detailed subgrid multiphase gas and accretion model. BH seeds of initial mass 10^5 M_⊙ grow mostly by gas accretion, and become SMBH by z = 6 setting on the observed M_BH−M_⋆ relation without the need for a boost factor. Although quasar feedback crucially controls the SMBH growth, its impact on the properties of the host galaxy at z = 6 is negligible. In our model, quasar activity can both quench (via gas heating) or enhance (by interstellar medium overpressurization) star formation. However, we find that the star formation history is insensitive to such modulation as it is largely dominated, at least at z > 6, by cold gas accretion from the environment that cannot be hindered by the quasar energy deposition. Although quasar-driven outflows can achieve velocities |$\gt 1000~\rm km~s^{-1}$|⁠, only ≈4 per cent of the outflowing gas mass can actually escape from the host galaxy. These findings are only loosely constrained by available data, but can guide observational campaigns searching for signatures of quasar feedback in early galaxies.


CN-2
RU-E
(389)Self-Assembly of Informational Polymers by Templated Ligation
  • Joachim H. Rosenberger,
  • Tobias Göppel,
  • Patrick W. Kudella,
  • Dieter Braun,
  • Ulrich Gerland
  • +1
Physical Review X (07/2021) doi:10.1103/PhysRevX.11.031055
abstract + abstract -

The emergence of evermore complex entities from prebiotic building blocks is a key aspect of origins of life research. The RNA-world hypothesis posits that RNA oligomers known as ribozymes acted as the first self-replicating entities. However, the mechanisms governing the self-assembly of complex informational polymers from the shortest prebiotic building blocks were unclear. One open issue concerns the relation between concentration and oligonucleotide length, usually assumed to be exponentially decreasing. Here, we show that a competition of timescales in the self-assembly of informational polymers by templated ligation generically leads to nonmonotonic strand-length distributions with two distinct length scales. The first length scale characterizes the onset of a strongly nonequilibrium regime and is visible as a local minimum. Dynamically, this regime is governed by extension cascades, where the elongation of a "primer" with a short building block is more likely than its dehybridization. The second length scale appears as a local concentration maximum and reflects a balance between degradation and dehybridization of completely hybridized double strands in a heterocatalytic extension-reassembly process. Analytical arguments and extensive numerical simulations within a sequence-independent model allowed us to predict and control these emergent length scales. Nonmonotonic strand-length distributions confirming our theory were obtained in thermocycler experiments using random DNA sequences from a binary alphabet. Our work emphasizes the role of structure-forming processes already for the earliest stages of prebiotic evolution. The accumulation of strands with a typical length reveals a possible starting point for higher-order self-organization events that ultimately lead to a self-replicating, evolving system.


CN-6
RU-B
(388)popsynth: A generic astrophysical population synthesis framework
  • J. Burgess,
  • Francesca Capel
The Journal of Open Source Software (07/2021) doi:10.21105/joss.03257
abstract + abstract -

Simulating a survey of fluxes and redshifts (distances) from an astrophysical population is a routine task. \texttt{popsynth} provides a generic, object-oriented framework to produce synthetic surveys from various distributions and luminosity functions, apply selection functions to the observed variables and store them in a portable (HDF5) format. Population synthesis routines can be constructed either using classes or from a serializable YAML format allowing flexibility and portability. Users can not only sample the luminosity and distance of the populations, but they can create auxiliary distributions for parameters which can have arbitrarily complex dependencies on one another. Thus, users can simulate complex astrophysical populations which can be used to calibrate analysis frameworks or quickly test ideas.


CN-5
(387)The in situ formation of molecular and warm ionized gas triggered by hot galactic outflows
  • Philipp Girichidis,
  • Thorsten Naab,
  • Stefanie Walch,
  • Thomas Berlok
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (07/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1203
abstract + abstract -

Molecular outflows contributing to the matter cycle of star-forming galaxies are now observed in small and large systems at low and high redshift. Their physical origin is still unclear. In most theoretical studies, only warm ionized/neutral and hot gas outflowing from the interstellar medium is generated by star formation. We investigate an in situ H2 formation scenario in the outflow using high-resolution simulations, including non-equilibrium chemistry and self-gravity, of turbulent, warm, and atomic clouds with densities 0.1, 0.5, and $1\, \mathrm{cm}^{-3}$ exposed to a magnetized hot wind. For cloud densities $\gtrsim 0.5\, \mathrm{cm}^{-3}$, a magnetized wind triggers H2 formation before cloud dispersal. Up to 3 per cent of the initial cloud mass can become molecular on $\sim \! 10\, \mathrm{Myr}$ time-scales. The effect is stronger for winds with perpendicular B-fields and intermediate density clouds ($n_\mathrm{c}\sim 0.5\, \mathrm{cm}^{-3}$). Here, H2 formation can be boosted by up to one order of magnitude compared to isolated cooling clouds independent of self-gravity. Self-gravity preserves the densest clouds well past their $\sim \! 15\, \mathrm{Myr}$ cloud crushing time-scales. This model could provide a plausible in situ origin for the observed molecular gas. All simulations form warm ionized gas, which represents an important observable phase. The amount of warm ionized gas is almost independent of the cloud density but solely depends on the magnetic field configuration in the wind. For low-density clouds ($0.1\, \mathrm{cm}^{-3}$), up to 60 per cent of the initially atomic cloud mass can become warm and ionized.


MIAPbP
(386)OH in the diffuse interstellar medium: physical modelling and prospects with upcoming SKA precursor/pathfinder surveys
  • S. A. Balashev,
  • N. Gupta,
  • D. N. Kosenko
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (07/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1122
abstract + abstract -

Hydroxyl ($\rm OH$) is known to form efficiently in cold gas (T ~ 100 K) along with the molecule $\rm H_2$ and can be used as an efficient tracer of the diffuse molecular gas in the interstellar medium (ISM). Using a simple formalism describing the $\rm H\, I/H_2$ transition and a reduced network of major chemical reactions, we present a semi-analytical prescription to estimate the abundances of O-bearing molecules in the diffuse ISM. We show that predictions based on our prescription are in good agreement with the estimates obtained using the MEUDON PDR code which utilizes the full reaction network. We investigate the dependence of the relative abundances of $\rm OH/H\, I$ and $\rm OH/H_2$ on the variations of physical conditions i.e. the metallicity, number density (n), cosmic ray ionization rate (ζ), and strength of UV field (χ) in the medium. We find that the $\rm OH/H\, I$ abundances observed in the Galactic ISM can be reproduced by models with n ~ 50 cm-3, χ ~ 1 (Mathis field), and ζ ~ 3 × 10-17 s-1, with a variation of about 1 dex allowed around these values. Using the constrained $\rm H_2$ column density distribution function at z ~ 3, we estimate the $\rm OH$ column density distribution function and discuss future prospects with the upcoming large radio absorption line surveys.


RU-D
(385)On the Interaction of a Bonnor-Ebert Sphere with a Stellar Wind
  • Oliver Zier,
  • Andreas Burkert,
  • Christian Alig
The Astrophysical Journal (07/2021) doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abfdc8
abstract + abstract -

The structure of protostellar cores can often be approximated by isothermal Bonnor-Ebert spheres (BES), which are stabilized by an external pressure. For the typical pressure of 104kB K cm-3 to 105kB K cm-3 found in molecular clouds, cores with masses below 1.5 M are stable against gravitational collapse. In this paper, we analyze the efficiency of triggering gravitational collapse with a nearby stellar wind, which represents an interesting scenario for triggering low-mass star formation. We analytically derive a new stability criterion for a BES compressed by a stellar wind, which depends on its initial nondimensional radius ${\xi }_{\max }$ . If the stability limit is violated the wind triggers a core collapse. Otherwise, the core is destroyed by the wind. We estimate its validity range to $2.5\lt {\xi }_{\max }\lt 4.2$ and confirm this in simulations with the SPH-Code GADGET-3. The efficiency of triggering a gravitational collapse strongly decreases for ${\xi }_{\max }\lt 2.5$ since in this case destruction and acceleration of the whole sphere begin to dominate. We were unable to trigger a collapse for ${\xi }_{\max }\lt 2$ , which leads to the conclusion that a stellar wind can move the smallest unstable stellar mass to 0.5 M and that destabilizing even smaller cores would require external pressure larger than 105kB K cm-3. For ${\xi }_{\max }\gt 4.2$ the expected wind strength according to our criterion is small enough that the compression is slower than the sound speed of the BES and sound waves can be triggered. In this case our criterion somewhat underestimates the onset of collapse and detailed numerical analyses are required.


(384)A novel approach to optimize the regularization and evaluation of dynamical models using a model selection framework
  • Mathias Lipka,
  • Jens Thomas
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (07/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1092
abstract + abstract -

Orbit superposition models are a non-parametric dynamical modelling technique to determine the mass of a galaxy's central supermassive black hole (SMBH), its stars, or its dark matter halo. One of the main problems is how to decide which model out of a large pool of trial models based on different assumed mass distributions represents the true structure of an observed galaxy best. We show that the traditional approach to judge models solely by their goodness-of-fit can lead to substantial biases in estimated galaxy properties caused by varying model flexibilities. We demonstrate how the flexibility of the models can be estimated using bootstrap iterations and present a model selection framework that removes these biases by taking the variable flexibility into account in the model evaluation. We extend the model selection approach to optimize the degree of regularization directly from the data. Altogether, this leads to a significant improvement of the constraining power of the modelling technique. We show with simulations that one can reconstruct the mass, anisotropy, and viewing angle of an axisymmetric galaxy with a few per cent accuracy from realistic observational data with fully resolved line-of-sight velocity distributions (LOSVDs). In a first application, we reproduce a photometric estimate of the inclination of the disc galaxy NGC 3368 to within 5° accuracy from kinematic data that cover only a few sphere-of-influence radii around the galaxy's SMBH. This demonstrates the constraining power that can be achieved with orbit models based on fully resolved LOSVDs and a model selection framework.


(383)The MAGPI survey: Science goals, design, observing strategy, early results and theoretical framework
  • C. Foster,
  • J. T. Mendel,
  • C. D. P. Lagos,
  • E. Wisnioski,
  • T. Yuan
  • +38
  • F. D'Eugenio,
  • T. M. Barone,
  • K. E. Harborne,
  • S. P. Vaughan,
  • F. Schulze,
  • R. -S. Remus,
  • A. Gupta,
  • F. Collacchioni,
  • D. J. Khim,
  • P. Taylor,
  • R. Bassett,
  • S. M. Croom,
  • R. M. McDermid,
  • A. Poci,
  • A. J. Battisti,
  • J. Bland-Hawthorn,
  • S. Bellstedt,
  • M. Colless,
  • L. J. M. Davies,
  • C. Derkenne,
  • S. Driver,
  • A. Ferré-Mateu,
  • D. B. Fisher,
  • E. Gjergo,
  • E. J. Johnston,
  • A. Khalid,
  • C. Kobayashi,
  • S. Oh,
  • Y. Peng,
  • A. S. G. Robotham,
  • P. Sharda,
  • S. M. Sweet,
  • E. N. Taylor,
  • K. -V. H. Tran,
  • J. W. Trayford,
  • J. van de Sande,
  • S. K. Yi,
  • L. Zanisi
  • (less)
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia (07/2021) doi:10.1017/pasa.2021.25
abstract + abstract -

We present an overview of the Middle Ages Galaxy Properties with Integral Field Spectroscopy (MAGPI) survey, a Large Program on the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope. MAGPI is designed to study the physical drivers of galaxy transformation at a lookback time of 3-4 Gyr, during which the dynamical, morphological, and chemical properties of galaxies are predicted to evolve significantly. The survey uses new medium-deep adaptive optics aided Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) observations of fields selected from the Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey, providing a wealth of publicly available ancillary multi-wavelength data. With these data, MAGPI will map the kinematic and chemical properties of stars and ionised gas for a sample of 60 massive ( ${>}7 × 10^{10} {M}_\odot$ ) central galaxies at $0.25 < z <0.35$ in a representative range of environments (isolated, groups and clusters). The spatial resolution delivered by MUSE with Ground Layer Adaptive Optics ( $0.6-0.8$ arcsec FWHM) will facilitate a direct comparison with Integral Field Spectroscopy surveys of the nearby Universe, such as SAMI and MaNGA, and at higher redshifts using adaptive optics, for example, SINS. In addition to the primary (central) galaxy sample, MAGPI will deliver resolved and unresolved spectra for as many as 150 satellite galaxies at $0.25 < z <0.35$ , as well as hundreds of emission-line sources at $z < 6$ . This paper outlines the science goals, survey design, and observing strategy of MAGPI. We also present a first look at the MAGPI data, and the theoretical framework to which MAGPI data will be compared using the current generation of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations including EAGLE, Magneticum, HORIZON-AGN, and Illustris-TNG. Our results show that cosmological hydrodynamical simulations make discrepant predictions in the spatially resolved properties of galaxies at $z≈ 0.3$ . MAGPI observations will place new constraints and allow for tangible improvements in galaxy formation theory.


(382)The Araucaria Project. Distances to Nine Galaxies Based on a Statistical Analysis of their Carbon Stars (JAGB Method)
  • Bartłomiej Zgirski,
  • Grzegorz Pietrzyński,
  • Wolfgang Gieren,
  • Marek Górski,
  • Piotr Wielgórski
  • +11
  • Paulina Karczmarek,
  • Fabio Bresolin,
  • Pierre Kervella,
  • Rolf-Peter Kudritzki,
  • Jesper Storm,
  • Dariusz Graczyk,
  • Gergely Hajdu,
  • Weronika Narloch,
  • Bogumił Pilecki,
  • Ksenia Suchomska,
  • Mónica Taormina
  • (less)
The Astrophysical Journal (07/2021) doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac04b2
abstract + abstract -

Our work presents an independent calibration of the J-region Asymptotic Giant Branch (JAGB) method using Infrared Survey Facility photometric data and a custom luminosity function profile to determine JAGB mean magnitudes for nine galaxies. We determine a mean absolute magnitude of carbon stars of MLMC = -6.212 ± 0.010 (stat.) ±0.030 (syst.) mag. We then use near-infrared photometry of a number of nearby galaxies, originally obtained by our group to determine their distances from Cepheids using the Leavitt law, in order to independently determine their distances with the JAGB method. We compare the JAGB distances obtained in this work with the Cepheid distances resulting from the same photometry and find very good agreement between the results from the two methods. The mean difference is 0.01 mag with an rms scatter of 0.06 mag after taking into account seven out of the eight analyzed galaxies that had their distances determined using Cepheids. The very accurate distance to the Small Magellanic Cloud based on detached eclipsing binaries is also in very good agreement with the distance obtained from carbon stars.


CN-3
RU-C
(381)N-body simulations of dark matter with frequent self-interactions
  • Moritz S. Fischer,
  • Marcus Brüggen,
  • Kai Schmidt-Hoberg,
  • Klaus Dolag,
  • Felix Kahlhoefer
  • +2
  • Antonio Ragagnin,
  • Andrew Robertson
  • (less)
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (07/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1198
abstract + abstract -

Self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) models have the potential to solve the small-scale problems that arise in the cold dark matter paradigm. Simulations are a powerful tool for studying SIDM in the context of astrophysics, but it is numerically challenging to study differential cross-sections that favour small-angle scattering (as in light-mediator models). Here, we present a novel approach to model frequent scattering based on an effective drag force, which we have implemented into the N-body code GADGET-3. In a range of test problems, we demonstrate that our implementation accurately models frequent scattering. Our implementation can be used to study differences between SIDM models that predict rare and frequent scattering. We simulate core formation in isolated dark matter haloes, as well as major mergers of galaxy clusters and find that SIDM models with rare and frequent interactions make different predictions. In particular, frequent interactions are able to produce larger offsets between the distribution of galaxies and dark matter in equal-mass mergers.


RU-B
(380)LEGEND-1000 Preconceptual Design Report
  • LEGEND Collaboration,
  • N. Abgrall,
  • I. Abt,
  • M. Agostini,
  • A. Alexander
  • +260
  • C. Andreoiu,
  • G. R. Araujo,
  • F. T.,
  • III Avignone,
  • W. Bae,
  • A. Bakalyarov,
  • M. Balata,
  • M. Bantel,
  • I. Barabanov,
  • A. S. Barabash,
  • P. S. Barbeau,
  • C. J. Barton,
  • P. J. Barton,
  • L. Baudis,
  • C. Bauer,
  • E. Bernieri,
  • L. Bezrukov,
  • K. H. Bhimani,
  • V. Biancacci,
  • E. Blalock,
  • A. Bolozdynya,
  • S. Borden,
  • B. Bos,
  • E. Bossio,
  • A. Boston,
  • V. Bothe,
  • R. Bouabid,
  • S. Boyd,
  • R. Brugnera,
  • N. Burlac,
  • M. Busch,
  • A. Caldwell,
  • T. S. Caldwell,
  • R. Carney,
  • C. Cattadori,
  • Y. -D. Chan,
  • A. Chernogorov,
  • C. D. Christofferson,
  • P. -H. Chu,
  • M. Clark,
  • T. Cohen,
  • D. Combs,
  • T. Comellato,
  • R. J. Cooper,
  • I. A. Costa,
  • V. D'Andrea,
  • J. A. Detwiler,
  • A. Di Giacinto,
  • N. Di Marco,
  • J. Dobson,
  • A. Drobizhev,
  • M. R. Durand,
  • F. Edzards,
  • Yu. Efremenko,
  • S. R. Elliott,
  • A. Engelhardt,
  • L. Fajt,
  • N. Faud,
  • M. T. Febbraro,
  • F. Ferella,
  • D. E. Fields,
  • F. Fischer,
  • M. Fomina,
  • H. Fox,
  • J. Franchi,
  • R. Gala,
  • A. Galindo-Uribarri,
  • A. Gangapshev,
  • A. Garfagnini,
  • A. Geraci,
  • C. Gilbert,
  • M. Gold,
  • C. Gooch,
  • K. P. Gradwohl,
  • M. P. Green,
  • G. F. Grinyer,
  • A. Grobov,
  • J. Gruszko,
  • I. Guinn,
  • V. E. Guiseppe,
  • V. Gurentsov,
  • Y. Gurov,
  • K. Gusev,
  • B. Hacket,
  • F. Hagemann,
  • J. Hakenmüeller,
  • M. Haranczyk,
  • L. Hauertmann,
  • C. R. Haufe,
  • C. Hayward,
  • B. Heffron,
  • F. Henkes,
  • R. Henning,
  • D. Hervas Aguilar,
  • J. Hinton,
  • R. Hodak,
  • H. Hoffmann,
  • W. Hofmann,
  • A. Hostiuc,
  • J. Huang,
  • M. Hult,
  • M. Ibrahim Mirza,
  • J. Jochum,
  • R. Jones,
  • D. Judson,
  • M. Junker,
  • J. Kaizer,
  • V. Kazalov,
  • Y. Kermaïdic,
  • H. Khushbakht,
  • M. Kidd,
  • T. Kihm,
  • K. Kilgus,
  • I. Kim,
  • A. Klimenko,
  • K. T. Knöpfle,
  • O. Kochetov,
  • S. I. Konovalov,
  • I. Kontul,
  • K. Kool,
  • L. L. Kormos,
  • V. N. Kornoukhov,
  • M. Korosec,
  • P. Krause,
  • V. V. Kuzminov,
  • J. M. López-Castaño,
  • K. Lang,
  • M. Laubenstein,
  • E. León,
  • B. Lehnert,
  • A. Leonhardt,
  • A. Li,
  • M. Lindner,
  • I. Lippi,
  • X. Liu,
  • J. Liu,
  • D. Loomba,
  • A. Lubashevskiy,
  • B. Lubsandorzhiev,
  • N. Lusardi,
  • Y. Müller,
  • M. Macko,
  • C. Macolino,
  • B. Majorovits,
  • F. Mamedov,
  • W. Maneschg,
  • L. Manzanillas,
  • G. Marshall,
  • R. D. Martin,
  • E. L. Martin,
  • R. Massarczyk,
  • D. Mei,
  • S. J. Meijer,
  • S. Mertens,
  • M. Misiaszek,
  • E. Mondragon,
  • M. Morella,
  • B. Morgan,
  • T. Mroz,
  • D. Muenstermann,
  • C. J. Nave,
  • I. Nemchenok,
  • M. Neuberger,
  • T. K. Oli,
  • G. Orebi Gann,
  • G. Othman,
  • V. Palušova,
  • R. Panth,
  • L. Papp,
  • L. S. Paudel,
  • K. Pelczar,
  • J. Perez Perez,
  • L. Pertoldi,
  • W. Pettus,
  • P. Piseri,
  • A. W. P. Poon,
  • P. Povinec,
  • A. Pullia,
  • D. C. Radford,
  • Y. A. Ramachers,
  • C. Ransom,
  • L. Rauscher,
  • M. Redchuk,
  • A. L. Reine,
  • S. Riboldi,
  • K. Rielage,
  • S. Rozov,
  • E. Rukhadze,
  • N. Rumyantseva,
  • J. Runge,
  • N. W. Ruof,
  • R. Saakyan,
  • S. Sailer,
  • G. Salamanna,
  • F. Salamida,
  • D. J. Salvat,
  • V. Sandukovsky,
  • S. Schönert,
  • A. Schültz,
  • M. Schütt,
  • D. C. Schaper,
  • J. Schreiner,
  • O. Schulz,
  • M. Schuster,
  • M. Schwarz,
  • B. Schwingenheuer,
  • O. Selivanenko,
  • M. Shaflee,
  • E. Shevchik,
  • M. Shirchenko,
  • Y. Shitov,
  • H. Simgen,
  • F. Simkovic,
  • M. Skorokhvatov,
  • M. Slavickova,
  • K. Smolek,
  • A. Smolnikov,
  • J. A. Solomon,
  • G. Song,
  • K. Starosta,
  • I. Stekl,
  • M. Stommel,
  • D. Stukov,
  • R. R. Sumathi,
  • D. A. Sweigart,
  • K. Szczepaniec,
  • L. Taffarello,
  • D. Tagnani,
  • R. Tayloe,
  • D. Tedeschi,
  • M. Turqueti,
  • R. L. Varner,
  • S. Vasilyev,
  • A. Veresnikova,
  • K. Vetter,
  • C. Vignoli,
  • C. Vogl,
  • K. von Sturm,
  • D. Waters,
  • J. C. Waters,
  • W. Wei,
  • C. Wiesinger,
  • J. F. Wilkerson,
  • M. Willers,
  • C. Wiseman,
  • M. Wojcik,
  • V. H. -S. Wu,
  • W. Xu,
  • E. Yakushev,
  • T. Ye,
  • C. -H. Yu,
  • V. Yumatov,
  • N. Zaretski,
  • J. Zeman,
  • I. Zhitnikov,
  • D. Zinatulina,
  • A. -K. Zschocke,
  • A. J. Zsigmond,
  • K. Zuber,
  • G. Zuzel
  • (less)
arXiv e-prints (07/2021) e-Print:2107.11462
abstract + abstract -

We propose the construction of LEGEND-1000, the ton-scale Large Enriched Germanium Experiment for Neutrinoless $\beta \beta$ Decay. This international experiment is designed to answer one of the highest priority questions in fundamental physics. It consists of 1000 kg of Ge detectors enriched to more than 90% in the $^{76}$Ge isotope operated in a liquid argon active shield at a deep underground laboratory. By combining the lowest background levels with the best energy resolution in the field, LEGEND-1000 will perform a quasi-background-free search and can make an unambiguous discovery of neutrinoless double-beta decay with just a handful of counts at the decay $Q$ value. The experiment is designed to probe this decay with a 99.7%-CL discovery sensitivity in the $^{76}$Ge half-life of $1.3\times10^{28}$ years, corresponding to an effective Majorana mass upper limit in the range of 9-21 meV, to cover the inverted-ordering neutrino mass scale with 10 yr of live time.


CN-3
RU-B
(379)Conservative constraints on the effective theory of dark matter-nucleon interactions from IceCube: the impact of operator interference
  • Anja Brenner,
  • Alejandro Ibarra,
  • Andreas Rappelt
Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (07/2021) doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2021/07/012
abstract + abstract -

We present a method to derive conservative upper limits on the coupling constants of the effective theory of dark matter-nucleon interactions, taking into account the interference among operators. The method can be applied in any basis, and can be easily particularized to any UV complete model. To illustrate our method, we use the IceCube constraints on an exotic neutrino flux from dark matter annihilations in the Sun to derive conservative upper limits on the dark matter-nucleon coupling constants of the effective theory, as well as to derive conservative upper limits on the dark matter-proton and dark matter-neutron scattering cross-sections.


(378)Exploration of doped quantum magnets with ultracold atoms
  • Annabelle Bohrdt,
  • Lukas Homeier,
  • Christian Reinmoser,
  • Eugene Demler,
  • Fabian Grusdt
abstract + abstract -

In the last decade, quantum simulators, and in particular cold atoms in optical lattices, have emerged as a valuable tool to study strongly correlated quantum matter. These experiments are now reaching regimes that are numerically difficult or impossible to access. In particular they have started to fulfill a promise which has contributed significantly to defining and shaping the field of cold atom quantum simulations, namely the exploration of doped and frustrated quantum magnets and the search for the origins of high-temperature superconductivity in the fermionic Hubbard model. Despite many future challenges lying ahead, such as the need to further lower the experimentally accessible temperatures, remarkable studies have already been conducted. Among them, spin-charge separation in one-dimensional systems has been demonstrated, extended-range antiferromagnetism in two-dimensional systems has been observed, connections to modern day large-scale numerical simulations were made, and unprecedented comparisons with microscopic trial wavefunctions have been carried out at finite doping. In many regards, the field has acquired new realms, putting old ideas to a new test and producing new insights and inspiration for the next generation of physicists. In the first part of this paper, we review the results achieved in cold atom realizations of the Fermi–Hubbard model in recent years. We put special emphasis on the new probes available in quantum gas microscopes, such as higher-order correlation functions, full counting statistics, the ability to study far-from-equilibrium dynamics, machine learning and pattern recognition of instantaneous snapshots of the many-body wavefunction, and access to non-local correlators. Our review is written from a theoretical perspective, but aims to provide basic understanding of the experimental procedures. We cover one-dimensional systems, where the phenomenon of spin-charge separation is ubiquitous, and two-dimensional systems where we distinguish between situations with and without doping. Throughout, we focus on the strong coupling regime where the Hubbard interactions <math display="inline" id="d1e3228" altimg="si1.svg"><mi>U</mi></math> dominate and connections to <math display="inline" id="d1e3233" altimg="si421.svg"><mrow><mi>t</mi><mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after">−</mo><mi>J</mi></mrow></math> models can be justified. In the second part of this paper, with the stage set and the current state of the field in mind, we propose a new direction for cold atoms to explore: namely mixed-dimensional bilayer systems, where the charge motion is restricted to individual layers which remain coupled through spin-exchange. These systems can be directly realized experimentally and we argue that they have a rich phase diagram, potentially including a strongly correlated BEC-to-BCS cross-over and regimes with different superconducting order parameters, as well as complex parton phases and possibly even analogs of tetraquark states. In particular, we propose a novel, strong pairing mechanism in these systems, which puts the formation of hole pairs at experimentally accessible, elevated temperatures within reach. Ultimately we propose to explore how the physics of the mixed-dimensional bilayer system can be connected to the rich phenomenology of the single-layer Hubbard model. •Comprehensive review of cold atom experiments on the Fermi–Hubbard model.•Focus on physics highlights, from a theoretical perspective.•New results for hole-pairing in bilayer and ladder systems.•Including a discussion of contemporary analysis tools: from machine-learning to ARPES.


(377)A redefinition of the halo boundary leads to a simple yet accurate halo model of large-scale structure
  • Rafael García,
  • Eduardo Rozo,
  • Matthew R. Becker,
  • Surhud More
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (07/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1317
abstract + abstract -

We present a model for the halo-mass correlation function that explicitly incorporates halo exclusion and allows for a redefinition of the halo boundary in a flexible way. We assume that haloes trace mass in a way that can be described using a single scale-independent bias parameter. However, our model exhibits scale-dependent biasing due to the impact of halo-exclusion, the use of a 'soft' (i.e. not infinitely sharp) halo boundary, and differences in the one halo term contributions to ξhm and ξmm. These features naturally lead us to a redefinition of the halo boundary that lies at the 'by eye' transition radius from the one-halo to the two-halo term in the halo-mass correlation function. When adopting our proposed definition, our model succeeds in describing the halo-mass correlation function with $\approx 2{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ residuals over the radial range 0.1 h-1 Mpc < r < 80 h-1 Mpc, and for halo masses in the range 1013 h-1 M < M < 1015 h-1 M. Our proposed halo boundary is related to the splashback radius by a roughly constant multiplicative factor. Taking the 87 percentile as reference we find rt/Rsp ≍ 1.3. Surprisingly, our proposed definition results in halo abundances that are well described by the Press-Schechter mass function with δsc = 1.449 ± 0.004. The clustering bias parameter is offset from the standard background-split prediction by $\approx 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}\!-\!15{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. This level of agreement is comparable to that achieved with more standard halo definitions.


MIAPbP
(376)Gravitational Bremsstrahlung in the post-Minkowskian effective field theory
  • Stavros Mougiakakos,
  • Massimiliano Maria Riva,
  • Filippo Vernizzi
Physical Review D (07/2021) doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.104.024041
abstract + abstract -

We study the gravitational radiation emitted during the scattering of two spinless bodies in the post-Minkowskian effective field theory approach. We derive the conserved stress-energy tensor linearly coupled to gravity and the classical probability amplitude of graviton emission at leading and next-to-leading order in the Newton's constant G . The amplitude can be expressed in compact form as one-dimensional integrals over a Feynman parameter involving Bessel functions. We use it to recover the leading-order radiated angular momentum expression. Upon expanding it in the relative velocity between the two bodies v , we compute the total four-momentum radiated into gravitational waves at leading-order in G and up to an order v, 8 finding agreement with what was recently computed using scattering amplitude methods. Our results also allow us to investigate the zero frequency limit of the emitted energy spectrum.


RU-A
(375)The Bbar -> pi form factors from QCD and their impact on |V_ub|
  • Domagoj Leljak,
  • Blaženka Melić,
  • Danny van Dyk
Journal of High Energy Physics (07/2021) e-Print:2102.07233 doi:10.1007/JHEP07%282021%29036
abstract + abstract -

We revisit light-cone sum rules with pion distribution amplitudes to determine the full set of local B→π form factors. To this end, we determine all duality threshold parameters from a Bayesian fit for the first time. Our results, obtained at small momentum transfer q2, are extrapolated to large q2 where they agree with precise lattice QCD results. We find that a modification to the commonly used BCL parametrization is crucial to interpolate the scalar form factor between the two q2 regions. We provide numerical results for the form factor parameters -- including their covariance -- based on simultaneous fit of all three form factors to both the sum rule and lattice QCD results. Our predictions for the form factors agree well with measurements of the q2 spectrum of the semileptonic decay B¯0→π+ℓ−ν¯. From the world average of the latter we obtain |Vub|=(3.77±0.15)⋅10−3, which is in agreement with the most recent inclusive determination at the 1σ level.


CN-2
RU-D
(374)PENELLOPE: The ESO data legacy program to complement the Hubble UV Legacy Library of Young Stars (ULLYSES). I. Survey presentation and accretion properties of Orion OB1 and σ-Orionis
  • C. F. Manara,
  • A. Frasca,
  • L. Venuti,
  • M. Siwak,
  • G. J. Herczeg
  • +67
  • N. Calvet,
  • J. Hernandez,
  • Ł. Tychoniec,
  • M. Gangi,
  • J. M. Alcalá,
  • H. M. J. Boffin,
  • B. Nisini,
  • M. Robberto,
  • C. Briceno,
  • J. Campbell-White,
  • A. Sicilia-Aguilar,
  • P. McGinnis,
  • D. Fedele,
  • Á. Kóspál,
  • P. Ábrahám,
  • J. Alonso-Santiago,
  • S. Antoniucci,
  • N. Arulanantham,
  • F. Bacciotti,
  • A. Banzatti,
  • G. Beccari,
  • M. Benisty,
  • K. Biazzo,
  • J. Bouvier,
  • S. Cabrit,
  • A. Caratti o Garatti,
  • D. Coffey,
  • E. Covino,
  • C. Dougados,
  • J. Eislöffel,
  • B. Ercolano,
  • C. C. Espaillat,
  • J. Erkal,
  • S. Facchini,
  • M. Fang,
  • E. Fiorellino,
  • W. J. Fischer,
  • K. France,
  • J. F. Gameiro,
  • R. Garcia Lopez,
  • T. Giannini,
  • C. Ginski,
  • K. Grankin,
  • H. M. Günther,
  • L. Hartmann,
  • L. A. Hillenbrand,
  • G. A. J. Hussain,
  • M. M. James,
  • M. Koutoulaki,
  • G. Lodato,
  • K. Maucó,
  • I. Mendigutía,
  • R. Mentel,
  • A. Miotello,
  • R. D. Oudmaijer,
  • E. Rigliaco,
  • G. P. Rosotti,
  • E. Sanchis,
  • P. C. Schneider,
  • L. Spina,
  • B. Stelzer,
  • L. Testi,
  • T. Thanathibodee,
  • J. S. Vink,
  • F. M. Walter,
  • J. P. Williams,
  • G. Zsidi
  • (less)
Astronomy and Astrophysics (06/2021) doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140639
abstract + abstract -

The evolution of young stars and disks is driven by the interplay of several processes, notably the accretion and ejection of material. These processes, critical to correctly describe the conditions of planet formation, are best probed spectroscopically. Between 2020 and 2022, about 500orbits of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) are being devoted in to the ULLYSES public survey of about 70 low-mass (M ≤ 2 M) young (age < 10 Myr) stars at UV wavelengths. Here, we present the PENELLOPE Large Program carried out with the ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT) with the aim of acquiring, contemporaneously to the HST, optical ESPRESSO/UVES high-resolution spectra for the purpose of investigating the kinematics of the emitting gas, along with UV-to-NIR X-shooter medium-resolution flux-calibrated spectra to provide the fundamental parameters that HST data alone cannot provide, such as extinction and stellar properties. The data obtained by PENELLOPE have no proprietary time and the fully reduced spectra are being made available to the whole community. Here, we describe the data and the first scientific analysis of the accretion properties for the sample of 13 targets located in the Orion OB1 association and in the σ-Orionis cluster, observed in November-December 2020. We find that the accretion rates are in line with those observed previously in similarly young star-forming regions, with a variability on a timescale of days (≲3). The comparison of the fits to the continuum excess emission obtained with a slab model on the X-shooter spectra and the HST/STIS spectra shows a shortcoming in the X-shooter estimates of ≲10%, which is well within the assumed uncertainty. Its origin can be either due to an erroneous UV extinction curve or to the simplicity of the modeling and, thus, this question will form the basis of the investigation undertaken over the course of the PENELLOPE program. The combined ULLYSES and PENELLOPE data will be key in attaining a better understanding of the accretion and ejection mechanisms in young stars.

Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory under ESO programme 106.20Z8.


RU-C
(373)Assembly bias in quadratic bias parameters of dark matter halos from forward modeling
  • Titouan Lazeyras,
  • Alexandre Barreira,
  • Fabian Schmidt
abstract + abstract -

We use the forward modeling approach to galaxy clustering combined with the likelihood from the effective-field theory of large-scale structure to measure assembly bias, i.e. the dependence of halo bias on properties beyond the total mass, in the linear (b1) and second order bias parameters (b2 and bK2) of dark matter halos in N-body simulations. This is the first time that assembly bias in the tidal bias parameter bK2 is measured. We focus on three standard halo properties: the concentration c, spin λ, and sphericity s, for which we find an assembly bias signal in bK2 that is opposite to that in b1. Specifically, at fixed mass, halos that get more (less) positively biased in b1, get less (more) negatively biased in bK2. We also investigate the impact of assembly bias on the b2(b1) and bK2(b1) relations, and find that while the b2(b1) relation stays roughly unchanged, assembly bias strongly impacts the bK2(b1) relation. This impact likely extends also to the corresponding relation for galaxies, which motivates future studies to design better priors on bK2(b1) for use in cosmological constraints from galaxy clustering data.


(372)A general framework to test gravity using galaxy clusters IV: cluster and halo properties in DGP gravity
  • Myles A. Mitchell,
  • César Hernández-Aguayo,
  • Christian Arnold,
  • Baojiu Li
Mon.Not.Roy.Astron.Soc. (06/2021) e-Print:2106.13815 doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2817
abstract + abstract -

We study and model the properties of galaxy clusters in the normal-branch Dvali–Gabadadze–Porrati (nDGP) model of gravity, which is representative of a wide class of theories that exhibit the Vainshtein screening mechanism. Using the first cosmological simulations that incorporate both full baryonic physics and nDGP, we find that, despite being efficiently screened within clusters, the fifth force can raise the temperature of the intracluster gas, affecting the scaling relations between the cluster mass and three observable mass proxies: the gas temperature, the Compton Y-parameter of the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect, and the X-ray analogue of the Y-parameter. Therefore, unless properly accounted for, this could lead to biased measurements of the cluster mass in tests that use cluster observations, such as cluster number counts, to probe gravity. Using a suite of dark-matter-only simulations, which span a wide range of box sizes and resolutions, and which feature very different strengths of the fifth force, we also calibrate general fitting formulae that can reproduce the nDGP halo concentration at percent accuracy for 0 ≤ z ≤ 1, and halo mass function with |${\lesssim}3{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$| accuracy at 0 ≤ z ≤ 1 (increasing to |${\lesssim}5{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$| for 1 ≤ z ≤ 2), over a halo mass range spanning four orders of magnitude. Our model for the concentration can be used for converting between halo mass overdensities and predicting statistics such as the non-linear matter power spectrum. The results of this work will form part of a framework for unbiased constraints of gravity using the data from ongoing and upcoming cluster surveys.


RU-D
(371)Supernova 1987A: 3D Mixing and Light Curves for Explosion Models Based on Binary-merger Progenitors
  • V. P. Utrobin,
  • A. Wongwathanarat,
  • H. -Th. Janka,
  • E. Müller,
  • T. Ertl
  • +2
The Astrophysical Journal (06/2021) doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abf4c5
abstract + abstract -

Six binary-merger progenitors of supernova 1987A (SN 1987A) with properties close to those of the blue supergiant Sanduleak -69°202 are exploded by neutrino heating and evolved until long after shock breakout in 3D and continued for light-curve calculations in spherical symmetry. Our results confirm previous findings for single-star progenitors: (1) 3D neutrino-driven explosions with SN 1987A-like energies synthesize 56Ni masses consistent with the radioactive light-curve tail; (2) hydrodynamic models mix hydrogen inward to minimum velocities below 40 km s-1 compatible with spectral observations of SN 1987A; and (3) for given explosion energy the efficiency of outward radioactive 56Ni mixing depends mainly on high growth factors of Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities at the (C+O)/He and He/H composition interfaces and a weak interaction of fast plumes with the reverse shock occurring below the He/H interface. All binary-merger models possess presupernova radii matching the photometric radius of Sanduleak -69°202 and a structure of the outer layers allowing them to reproduce the observed initial luminosity peak in the first ~7 days. Models that mix about 0.5 M of hydrogen into the He-shell and exhibit strong outward mixing of 56Ni with maximum velocities exceeding the 3000 km s-1 observed for the bulk of ejected 56Ni have light-curve shapes in good agreement with the dome of the SN 1987A light curve. A comparative analysis of the best representatives of our 3D neutrino-driven explosion models of SN 1987A based on single-star and binary-merger progenitors reveals that only one binary model fulfills all observational constraints, except one.


CN-2
RU-D
(370)Testing Photoevaporation and MHD Disk Wind Models through Future High-angular Resolution Radio Observations: The Case of TW Hydrae
  • Luca Ricci,
  • Sarah K. Harter,
  • Barbara Ercolano,
  • Michael Weber
The Astrophysical Journal (06/2021) doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abf5d8
abstract + abstract -

We present theoretical predictions for the free-free emission at centimeter wavelengths obtained from photoevaporation and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wind disk models adjusted to the case of the TW Hydrae young stellar object. For this system, disk photoevaporation with heating due to the high-energy photons from the star has been proposed as a possible mechanism to open the gap observed in the dust emission with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. We show that the photoevaporation disk model predicts a radial profile for the free-free emission that is made of two main spatial components, one originated from the bound disk atmosphere at 0.5-1 au from the star, and another more extended component from the photoevaporative wind at larger disk radii. We also show that the stellar X-ray luminosity has a significant impact on both these components. The predicted radio emission from the MHD wind model has a smoother radial distribution which extends to closer distances to the star than the photoevaporation case. We also show that a future radio telescope such as the Next Generation Very Large Array would have enough sensitivity and angular resolution to spatially resolve the main structures predicted by these models.


CN-4
RU-D
(369)Modified Gravity and the Flux-weighted Gravity-Luminosity Relationship of Blue Supergiant Stars
  • Eva Sextl,
  • Rolf-Peter Kudritzki,
  • Jochen Weller,
  • Miguel A. Urbaneja,
  • Achim Weiss
The Astrophysical Journal (06/2021) doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abfafa
abstract + abstract -

We calculate models of stellar evolution for very massive stars and include the effects of modified gravity to investigate the influence on the physical properties of blue supergiant stars and their use as extragalactic distance indicators. With shielding and fifth force parameters in a similar range as those in previous studies of Cepheid and tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) stars, we find clear effects on stellar luminosity and flux-weighted gravity. The relationship between flux-weighted gravity, gF ≡ g/ ${T}_{\mathrm{eff}}^{4}$ , and bolometric magnitude Mbol, which has been used successfully for accurate distance determinations, is systematically affected. While the stellar evolution of flux-weighted gravity-luminosity relationships (FGLRs) show a systematic offset from the observed relation, we can use the differential shifts between models with Newtonian and modified gravity to estimate the influence on FGLR distance determinations. Modified gravity leads to an increase in distance of 0.05-0.15 magnitudes in distance modulus. These changes are comparable to the ones found for Cepheid stars. We compare observed FGLR and TRGB distances of nine galaxies to constrain the free parameters of modified gravity. Not accounting for systematic differences between TRGB and FGLR distances shielding parameters of 5 × 10-7 and 10-6 and fifth force parameters of 1/3 and 1 can be ruled out with about 90% confidence. Allowing for potential systematic offsets between TRGB and FGLR distances no determination is possible for a shielding parameter of 10-6. For 5 × 10-7 a fifth force parameter of 1 can be ruled out to 92% but 1/3 is unlikely only to 60%.


RU-D
(368)Thermal Wave Instability as an Origin of Gap and Ring Structures in Protoplanetary Disks
  • Takahiro Ueda,
  • Mario Flock,
  • Tilman Birnstiel
The Astrophysical Journal (06/2021) doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac0631
abstract + abstract -

Recent millimeter and infrared observations have shown that gap- and ring-like structures are common in both dust thermal emission and scattered light of protoplanetary disks. We investigate the impact of the so-called thermal wave instability (TWI) on the millimeter and infrared scattered light images of disks. We perform 11D simulations of the TWI and confirm that the TWI operates when the disk is optically thick enough for stellar light, i.e., small-grain-to-gas mass ratio of 0.0001. The midplane temperature varies as the waves propagate, and hence gap and ring structures can be seen in both millimeter and infrared emission. The millimeter substructures can be observed even if the disk is fully optically thick since it is induced by the temperature variation, while density-induced substructures would disappear in the optically thick regime. The fractional separation between TWI-induced ring and gap is r/r 0.20.4 at 1050 au, which is comparable to those found by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. Due to the temperature variation, snow lines of volatile species move radially and multiple snow lines are observed even for a single species. The wave propagation velocity is as fast as 0.6 au yr1, which can be potentially detected with a multiepoch observation with a time separation of a few years.


(367)The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS) - Optical confirmation, redshifts, and properties of the cluster and group catalog
  • M. Klein,
  • M. Oguri,
  • J.J. Mohr,
  • S. Grandis,
  • V. Ghirardini
  • +17
  • T. Liu,
  • A. Liu,
  • E. Bulbul,
  • J. Wolf,
  • J. Comparat,
  • M.E. Ramos-Ceja,
  • J. Buchner,
  • I. Chiu,
  • N. Clerc,
  • A. Merloni,
  • H. Miyatake,
  • S. Miyazaki,
  • N. Okabe,
  • N. Ota,
  • F. Pacaud,
  • M. Salvato,
  • S.P. Driver
  • (less)
abstract + abstract -

Context. In 2019, the eROSITA telescope on board the Russian-German satellite Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) began to perform a deep all-sky X-ray survey with the aim of identifying ~100 000 clusters and groups over the course of four years. As part of its performance verification phase, a ~140 deg2 survey, called eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS), was performed. With a depth typical of the all-sky survey after four years, it allows tests of tools and methods as well as improved predictions for the all-sky survey.Aims. As part of this effort, a catalog of 542 X-ray selected galaxy group and cluster candidates was compiled. In this paper we present the optical follow-up, with the aim of providing redshifts and cluster confirmation for the full sample. Furthermore, we aim to provide additional information on the dynamical state, richness, and optical center of the clusters. Finally, we aim to evaluate the impact of optical cluster confirmation on the purity and completeness of the X-ray selected sample.Methods. We used optical imaging data from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program and from the Legacy Survey to identify optical counterparts to the X-ray detected cluster candidates. We make use of the multi-component matched filter cluster confirmation tool (MCMF), as well as of the optical cluster finder CAMIRA to derive cluster redshifts and richnesses. MCMF provided the probabilities with which an optical structure would be a chance superposition with the X-ray candidate. These probabilities were used to identify the best optical counterpart as well as to confirm an X-ray candidate as a cluster. The impact of this confirmation process on catalog purity and completeness was estimated using optical to X-ray scaling relations as well as simulations. The resulting catalog was furthermore matched with public group and cluster catalogs. Optical estimators of the cluster dynamical state were constructed based on density maps of the red-sequence galaxies at the cluster redshift.Results. By providing redshift estimates for all 542 candidates, we construct an optically confirmed sample of 477 clusters and groups with a residual contamination of 6%. Of these, 470 (98.5%) are confirmed using MCMF, and 7 systems are added through cross-matching with spectroscopic group catalogs. Using observable-to-observable scaling and the applied confirmation threshold, we predict that 8 ± 2 real systems have been excluded with the MCMF cut required to build this low-contamination sample. This number agrees well with the 7 systems found through cross-matching that were not confirmed with MCMF. The predicted redshift and mass distribution of this catalog agree well with simulations. Thus, we expect that these 477 systems include >99% of all true clusters in the candidate list. Using an MCMF-independent method, we confirm that the catalog contamination of the confirmed subsample is 6 ± 3%. Application of the same method to the full candidate list yields 17 ± 3%, consistent with estimates coming from the fraction of confirmed systems of ~17% and with expectations from simulations of ~20%. We also present a sample of merging cluster candidates based on the derived estimators of the cluster dynamical state.Key words: catalogs / galaxies: clusters: general / galaxies: distances and redshifts / galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium / X-rays: galaxies: clusters★ The catalog is only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/661/A4


(366)On the Use of Field RR Lyrae as Galactic Probes. III. The α-element Abundances
  • J. Crestani,
  • V. F. Braga,
  • M. Fabrizio,
  • G. Bono,
  • C. Sneden
  • +31
  • G. Preston,
  • I. Ferraro,
  • G. Iannicola,
  • M. Nonino,
  • G. Fiorentino,
  • F. Thévenin,
  • B. Lemasle,
  • Z. Prudil,
  • A. Alves-Brito,
  • G. Altavilla,
  • B. Chaboyer,
  • M. Dall'Ora,
  • V. D'Orazi,
  • C. Gilligan,
  • E. K. Grebel,
  • A. J. Koch-Hansen,
  • H. Lala,
  • M. Marengo,
  • S. Marinoni,
  • P. M. Marrese,
  • C. Martínez-Vázquez,
  • N. Matsunaga,
  • M. Monelli,
  • J. P. Mullen,
  • J. Neeley,
  • R. da Silva,
  • P. B. Stetson,
  • M. Salaris,
  • J. Storm,
  • E. Valenti,
  • M. Zoccali
  • (less)
The Astrophysical Journal (06/2021) doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abfa23
abstract + abstract -

We provide the largest and most homogeneous sample of α-element (Mg, Ca, Ti) and iron abundances for field RR Lyrae (RRLs; 162 variables) by using high-resolution spectra. The current measurements were complemented with similar abundances available in the literature for 46 field RRLs brought to our metallicity scale. We ended up with a sample of old (t ≥ 10 Gyr), low-mass stellar tracers (208 RRLs: 169 fundamental, 38 first overtone, and 1 mixed mode) covering 3 dex in iron abundance (-3.00 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ 0.24). We found that field RRLs are ~0.3 dex more α poor than typical halo tracers in the metal-rich regime ([Fe/H] ≥ -1.2), while in the metal-poor regime ([Fe/H] ≤ -2.2) they seem to be on average ~0.1 dex more α enhanced. This is the first time that the depletion in α elements for solar iron abundances is detected on the basis of a large, homogeneous, and coeval sample of old stellar tracers. Interestingly, we also detected a close similarity in the [α/Fe] trend between α-poor, metal-rich RRLs and red giants (RGs) in the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy as well as between α-enhanced, metal-poor RRLs and RGs in ultrafaint dwarf galaxies. These results are supported by similar elemental abundances for 46 field horizontal branch stars. These stars share with RRLs the same evolutionary phase and the same progenitors. This evidence further supports the key role that old stellar tracers play in constraining the early chemical enrichment of the halo and, in particular, in investigating the impact that dwarf galaxies have had in the mass assembly of the Galaxy. * Based on observations obtained with the du Pont telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, operated by Carnegie Institution for Science. Based in part on data collected at Subaru Telescope, which is operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. Based partly on data obtained with the STELLA robotic telescopes in Tenerife, an AIP facility jointly operated by AIP and IAC. Some of the observations reported in this paper were obtained with the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT). Based on observations made with the Italian Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) operated on the island of La Palma by the Fundación Galileo Galilei of the INAF (Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica) at the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. Based on observations collected at the European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere.


(365)The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS) - Identification and characterization of the counterparts to point-like sources
  • M. Salvato,
  • J. Wolf,
  • T. Dwelly,
  • A. Georgakakis,
  • M. Brusa
  • +38
  • A. Merloni,
  • T. Liu,
  • Y. Toba,
  • K. Nandra,
  • G. Lamer,
  • J. Buchner,
  • C. Schneider,
  • S. Freund,
  • A. Rau,
  • A. Schwope,
  • A. Nishizawa,
  • M. Klein,
  • R. Arcodia,
  • J. Comparat,
  • B. Musiimenta,
  • T. Nagao,
  • H. Brunner,
  • A. Malyali,
  • A. Finoguenov,
  • S. Anderson,
  • Y. Shen,
  • H. Ibarra-Mendel,
  • J. Trump,
  • W.N. Brandt,
  • C.M. Urry,
  • C. Rivera,
  • M. Krumpe,
  • T. Urrutia,
  • T. Miyaji,
  • K. Ichikawa,
  • D.P. Schneider,
  • A. Fresco,
  • T. Boller,
  • J. Haase,
  • J. Brownstein,
  • R.R. Lane,
  • D. Bizyaev,
  • C. Nitschelm
  • (less)
abstract + abstract -

Context. In November 2019, eROSITA on board of the Spektrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) observatory started to map the entire sky in X-rays. After the four-year survey program, it will reach a flux limit that is about 25 times deeper than ROSAT. During the SRG performance verification phase, eROSITA observed a contiguous 140 deg2 area of the sky down to the final depth of the eROSITA all-sky survey (eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey; eFEDS), with the goal of obtaining a census of the X-ray emitting populations (stars, compact objects, galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and active galactic nuclei) that will be discovered over the entire sky.Aims. This paper presents the identification of the counterparts to the point sources detected in eFEDS in the main and hard samples and their multi-wavelength properties, including redshift.Methods. To identifyy the counterparts, we combined the results from two independent methods (NWAY and ASTROMATCH), trained on the multi-wavelength properties of a sample of 23k XMM-Newton sources detected in the DESI Legacy Imaging Survey DR8. Then spectroscopic redshifts and photometry from ancillary surveys were collated to compute photometric redshifts.Results. Of the eFEDS sources, 24 774 of 27 369 have reliable counterparts (90.5%) in the main sample and 231 of 246 sourcess (93.9%) have counterparts in the hard sample, including 2514 (3) sources for which a second counterpart is equally likely. By means of reliable spectra, Gaia parallaxes, and/or multi-wavelength properties, we have classified the reliable counterparts in both samples into Galactic (2695) and extragalactic sources (22 079). For about 340 of the extragalactic sources, we cannot rule out the possibility that they are unresolved clusters or belong to clusters. Inspection of the distributions of the X-ray sources in various optical/IR colour-magnitude spaces reveal a rich variety of diverse classes of objects. The photometric redshifts are most reliable within the KiDS/VIKING area, where deep near-infrared data are also available.Conclusions. This paper accompanies the eROSITA early data release of all the observations performed during the performance and verification phase. Together with the catalogues of primary and secondary counterparts to the main and hard samples of the eFEDS survey, this paper releases their multi-wavelength properties and redshifts.Key words: methods: data analysis / X-rays: general / catalogs / surveys / galaxies: active / galaxies: distances and redshifts★ The data are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/661/A3


RU-A
(364)Global analysis of leptophilic Z' bosons
  • Andrzej J. Buras,
  • Andreas Crivellin,
  • Fiona Kirk,
  • Claudio Andrea Manzari,
  • Marc Montull
Journal of High Energy Physics (06/2021) doi:10.1007/JHEP06(2021)068
abstract + abstract -

New neutral heavy gauge bosons (Z') are predicted within many extensions of the Standard Model. While in case they couple to quarks the LHC bounds are very stringent, leptophilic Z' bosons (even with sizable couplings) can be much lighter and therefore lead to interesting quantum effects in precision observables (like (g − 2)μ) and generate flavour violating decays of charged leptons. In particular, ℓ →ℓ 'v v ¯ decays, anomalous magnetic moments of charged leptons, ℓ → ℓ'γ and ℓ → 3ℓ' decays place stringent limits on leptophilic Z' bosons. Furthermore, in case of mixing Z' with the SM Z, Z pole observables are affected. In light of these many observables we perform a global fit to leptophilic Z' models with the main goal of finding the bounds for the Z' couplings to leptons. To this end we consider a number of scenarios for these couplings. While in generic scenarios correlations are weak, this changes once additional constraints on the couplings are imposed. In particular, if one considers an Lμ− Lτ symmetry broken only by left-handed rotations, or considers the case of τ − μ couplings only. In the latter setup, on can explain the (g − 2)μ anomaly and the hint for lepton flavour universality violation in τ →μv v ¯/τ →ev v ¯ without violating bounds from electroweak precision observables.


(363)Testing one-loop galaxy bias: Joint analysis of power spectrum and bispectrum
  • Alexander Eggemeier,
  • Román Scoccimarro,
  • Robert E. Smith,
  • Martin Crocce,
  • Andrea Pezzotta
  • +1
Physical Review D (06/2021) doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.103.123550
abstract + abstract -

We present a joint likelihood analysis of the real-space power spectrum and bispectrum measured from a variety of halo and galaxy mock catalogs. A novel aspect of this work is the inclusion of nonlinear triangle configurations for the bispectrum, made possible by a complete next-to-leading order ("one-loop") description of galaxy bias, as is already common practice for the power spectrum. Based on the goodness of fit and the unbiasedness of the parameter posteriors, we accomplish a stringent validation of this model compared to the leading order ("tree-level") bispectrum. Using measurement uncertainties that correspond to an effective survey volume of 6 (Gpc /h )3 , we determine that the one-loop corrections roughly double the applicable range of scales, from ∼0.17 h /Mpc (tree level) to ∼0.3 h /Mpc . This converts into a 1.5-2x improvement on constraints of the linear bias parameter at fixed cosmology, and a 1.5-2.4x shrinkage of uncertainties on the amplitude of fluctuations As, which clearly demonstrates the benefit of extracting information from nonlinear scales despite having to marginalize over a larger number of bias parameters. Besides, our precise measurements of galaxy bias parameters up to fourth order allow for thorough comparisons to coevolution relations, showing excellent agreement for all contributions generated by the nonlocal action of gravity. Using these relations in the likelihood analysis does not compromise the model validity and is crucial for obtaining the quoted improvements on As. We also analyzed the impact of higher-derivative and scale-dependent stochastic terms, finding that for a subset of our tracers the former can boost the performance of the tree-level model with constraints on As that are only slightly degraded compared to the one-loop model.


MIAPbP
(362)A fully differential SMEFT analysis of the golden channel using the method of moments
  • Shankha Banerjee,
  • Rick S. Gupta,
  • Oscar Ochoa-Valeriano,
  • Michael Spannowsky,
  • Elena Venturini
Journal of High Energy Physics (06/2021) doi:10.1007/JHEP06(2021)031
abstract + abstract -

The Method of Moments is a powerful framework to disentangle the relative contributions of amplitudes of a specific process to its various phase space regions. We apply this method to carry out a fully differential analysis of the Higgs decay channel h → 4ℓ and constrain gauge-Higgs coupling modifications parametrised by dimension-six effective operators. We find that this analysis approach provides very good constraints and minimises degeneracies in the parameter space of the effective theory. By combining the decay h → 4ℓ with Higgs-associated production processes, Wh and Zh, we obtain the strongest reported bounds on anomalous gauge-Higgs couplings.


CN-5
(361)SILCC VI - Multiphase ISM structure, stellar clustering, and outflows with supernovae, stellar winds, ionizing radiation, and cosmic rays
  • Tim-Eric Rathjen,
  • Thorsten Naab,
  • Philipp Girichidis,
  • Stefanie Walch,
  • Richard Wünsch
  • +4
  • Frantis̆ek Dinnbier,
  • Daniel Seifried,
  • Ralf S. Klessen,
  • Simon C. O. Glover
  • (less)
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (06/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/stab900
abstract + abstract -

We present simulations of the multiphase interstellar medium (ISM) at solar neighbourhood conditions including thermal and non-thermal ISM processes, star cluster formation, and feedback from massive stars: stellar winds, hydrogen ionizing radiation computed with the novel TREERAY radiative transfer method, supernovae (SN), and the injection of cosmic rays (CR). N-body dynamics is computed with a 4th-order Hermite integrator. We systematically investigate the impact of stellar feedback on the self-gravitating ISM with magnetic fields, CR advection and diffusion, and non-equilibrium chemical evolution. SN-only feedback results in strongly clustered star formation with very high star cluster masses, a bi-modal distribution of the ambient SN densities, and low volume-filling factors (VFF) of warm gas, typically inconsistent with local conditions. Early radiative feedback prevents an initial starburst, reduces star cluster masses and outflow rates. Furthermore, star formation rate surface densities of $\Sigma _{\dot{M}_\star } = 1.4-5.9 \times 10^{-3}$$\mathrm{M}_\odot \, \mathrm{yr}^{-1}\, \mathrm{kpc}^{-2}$, VFFwarm = 60-80 per cent as well as thermal, kinetic, magnetic, and cosmic ray energy densities of the model including all feedback mechanisms agree well with observational constraints. On the short, 100 Myr, time-scales investigated here, CRs only have a moderate impact on star formation and the multiphase gas structure and result in cooler outflows, if present. Our models indicate that at low gas surface densities SN-only feedback only captures some characteristics of the star-forming ISM and outflows/inflows relevant for regulating star formation. Instead, star formation is regulated on star cluster scales by radiation and winds from massive stars in clusters, whose peak masses agree with solar neighbourhood estimates.


C2PAP
PhD Thesis
RU-A
(360)Search for Charginos and Neutralinos in a Signature with a Higgs Boson and an Isolated Lepton with the ATLAS Detector and its Reinterpretation in the Phenomenological MSSM
  • Eric Schanet - Advisor: Dorothee Schaile
Thesis (06/2021) link
abstract + abstract -

Despite the success of the Standard Model of particle physics, a number of hints suggest the existence of new physics beyond the scope of phenomena that can be explained in the theoretical

framework of the Standard Model. One class of theories that could be able to explain some of the open questions of the Standard Model is Supersymmetry. It introduces supersymmetric partners to each of the Standard Model particles, and could, for example, provide a candidate for Dark Matter. This thesis presents a search for electroweak production of supersymmetric particles in events with a lepton, missing transverse momentum and a Higgs boson decaying into two b-quarks. The search analyses 139 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 13 TeV, recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. A likelihood-based simultaneous fit in all search regions is introduced in order to achieve sensitivity to a large variety of kinematic regimes.


(359)Inclusive production of heavy quarkonia in pNRQCD
  • Nora Brambilla,
  • Hee Sok Chung,
  • Antonio Vairo
Journal of High Energy Physics (06/2021) e-Print:2106.09417 doi:10.1007/JHEP09(2021)032
abstract + abstract -

We develop a formalism for computing inclusive production cross sections of heavy quarkonia based on the nonrelativistic QCD and the potential nonrelativistic QCD effective field theories. Our formalism applies to strongly coupled quarkonia, which include excited charmonium and bottomonium states. Analogously to heavy quarkonium decay processes, we express nonrelativistic QCD long-distance matrix elements in terms of quarkonium wavefunctions at the origin and universal gluonic correlators. Our expressions for the long-distance matrix elements are valid up to corrections of order $ 1/{N}_c^2 $. These expressions enhance the predictive power of the nonrelativistic effective field theory approach to inclusive production processes by reducing the number of nonperturbative unknowns, and make possible first-principle determinations of long-distance matrix elements once the gluonic correlators are known. Based on this formalism, we compute the production cross sections of P-wave charmonia and bottomonia at the LHC, and find good agreement with measurements.


RU-B
(358)Identification of the cosmogenic $^{11}$C background in large volumes of liquid scintillators with Borexino
  • M. Agostini,
  • K. Altenmüller,
  • S. Appel,
  • V. Atroshchenko,
  • Z. Bagdasarian
  • +91
  • D. Basilico,
  • G. Bellini,
  • J. Benziger,
  • R. Biondi,
  • D. Bravo,
  • B. Caccianiga,
  • F. Calaprice,
  • A. Caminata,
  • P. Cavalcante,
  • A. Chepurnov,
  • D. D'Angelo,
  • S. Davini,
  • A. Derbin,
  • A. Di ZGiacintio,
  • V. Di Marcello,
  • X.F. Ding,
  • A. Di Ludovico,
  • L. Di Noto,
  • I. Drachnev,
  • A. Formozov,
  • D. Franco,
  • C. Galbiati,
  • C. Ghiano,
  • M. Giammarchi,
  • A. Goretti,
  • A.S. Göttel,
  • M. Gromov,
  • D. Guffanti,
  • Aldo Ianni,
  • Andrea Ianni,
  • A. Jany,
  • D. Jeschke,
  • V. Kobychev,
  • G. Korga,
  • S. Kumaran,
  • M. Laubenstein,
  • E. Litvinovich,
  • P. Lombardi,
  • I. Lomskaya,
  • L. Ludhova,
  • G. Lukyanchenko,
  • L. Lukyanchenko,
  • I. Machulin,
  • J. Martyn,
  • E. Meroni,
  • M. Meyer,
  • L. Miramonti,
  • M. Misiaszek,
  • V. Muratova,
  • B. Neumair,
  • M. Nieslony,
  • R. Nugmanov,
  • L. Oberauer,
  • V. Orekhov,
  • F. Ortica,
  • M. Pallavicini,
  • L. Papp,
  • L. Pelicci,
  • Ö. Penek,
  • L. Pietrofaccia,
  • N. Pilipenko,
  • A. Pocar,
  • A. Porcelli,
  • G. Raikov,
  • M.T. Ranalli,
  • G. Ranucci,
  • A. Razeto,
  • A. Re,
  • M. Redchuk,
  • A. Romani,
  • N. Rossi,
  • S. Schönert,
  • D. Semenov,
  • G. Settanta,
  • M. Skorokhvatov,
  • A. Singhal,
  • O. Smirnov,
  • A. Sotnikov,
  • Y. Suvorov,
  • R. Tartaglia,
  • G. Testera,
  • J. Thurn,
  • E. Unzhakov,
  • A. Vishneva,
  • R.B. Vogelaar,
  • F. von Feilitzsch,
  • M. Wojcik,
  • M. Wurm,
  • S. Zavatarelli,
  • K. Zuber,
  • G. Zuzel
  • (less)
abstract + abstract -

Cosmogenic radio-nuclei are an important source of background for low-energy neutrino experiments. In Borexino, cosmogenic $^{11}$C decays outnumber solar pep and CNO neutrino events by about ten to one. In order to extract the flux of these two neutrino species, a highly efficient identification of this background is mandatory. We present here the details of the most consolidated strategy, used throughout Borexino solar neutrino measurements. It hinges upon finding the space-time correlations between $^{11}$C decays, the preceding parent muons and the accompanying neutrons. This article describes the working principles and evaluates the performance of this Three-Fold Coincidence (TFC) technique in its two current implementations: a hard-cut and a likelihood-based approach. Both show stable performances throughout Borexino Phases II (2012–2016) and III (2016–2020) data sets, with a $^{11}$C tagging efficiency of $\sim 90$ % and $\sim $ 63–66 % of the exposure surviving the tagging. We present also a novel technique that targets specifically $^{11}$C produced in high-multiplicity during major spallation events. Such $^{11}$C appear as a burst of events, whose space-time correlation can be exploited. Burst identification can be combined with the TFC to obtain about the same tagging efficiency of $\sim 90\%$ but with a higher fraction of the exposure surviving, in the range of $\sim $ 66–68 %.


LRSM
(357)The RadMap Telescope on the International Space Station
  • Martin J. Losekamm,
  • Stephan Paul,
  • Thomas Pöschl,
  • Hans J. Zachrau
2021 IEEE Aerospace Conference (06/2021) doi:10.1109/AERO50100.2021.9438435
abstract + abstract -

Radiation protection is one of the critical aspects of future manned missions to the Moon, Mars, and other deep-space destinations. The precise characterization of the space radiation environment and its interaction with the spacecraft shielding is a prerequisite for protecting astronauts from the adverse health effects of radiation exposure. In this paper, we present the RadMap Telescope, a technology-demonstration experiment whose main objective is to validate new radiation-sensing concepts for applications in manned and unmanned spacecraft. It comprises a mix of newly developed and flight-proven sensors that we will use to characterize the radiation environment inside the International Space Station (ISS).


(356)Relativistic Brueckner-Hartree-Fock Theory in Infinite Nuclear Matter
  • Peter Ring,
  • Sibo Wang,
  • Qiang Zhao,
  • Jie Meng
European Physical Journal Web of Conferences (05/2021) doi:10.1051/epjconf/202125202001
abstract + abstract -

On the way of a microscopic derivation of covariant density functionals, the first complete solution of the relativistic Brueckner-Hartree-Fock (RBHF) equations is presented for symmetric nuclear matter. In most of the earlier investigations, the G-matrix is calculated only in the space of positive energy solutions. On the other side, for the solution of the relativistic Hartree-Fock (RHF) equations, also the elements of this matrix connecting positive and negative energy solutions are required. So far, in the literature, these matrix elements are derived in various approximations. We discuss solutions of the Thompson equation for the full Dirac space and compare the resulting equation of state with those of earlier attempts in this direction.


MIAPbP
RU-A
RU-B
(355)Density Induced Vacuum Instability
  • Reuven Balkin,
  • Javi Serra,
  • Konstantin Springmann,
  • Stefan Stelzl,
  • Andreas Weiler
arXiv e-prints (05/2021) e-Print:2105.13354
abstract + abstract -

We consider matter density effects in theories with a false ground state. Large and dense systems, such as stars, can destabilize a metastable minimum and allow for the formation of bubbles of the true minimum. We derive the conditions under which these bubbles form, as well as the conditions under which they either remain confined to the dense region or escape to infinity. The latter case leads to a phase transition in the universe at star formation. We explore the phenomenological consequences of such seeded phase transitions.


RU-D
(354)Synthetic observables for electron-capture supernovae and low-mass core collapse supernovae
  • Alexandra Kozyreva,
  • Petr Baklanov,
  • Samuel Jones,
  • Georg Stockinger,
  • Hans-Thomas Janka
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (05/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/stab350
abstract + abstract -

Stars in the mass range from 8 M to 10 M are expected to produce one of two types of supernovae (SNe), either electron-capture supernovae (ECSNe) or core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe), depending on their previous evolution. Either of the associated progenitors retain extended and massive hydrogen-rich envelopes and the observables of these SNe are, therefore, expected to be similar. In this study, we explore the differences in these two types of SNe. Specifically, we investigate three different progenitor models: a solar-metallicity ECSN progenitor with an initial mass of 8.8 M, a zero-metallicity progenitor with 9.6 M, and a solar-metallicity progenitor with 9 M, carrying out radiative transfer simulations for these progenitors. We present the resulting light curves for these models. The models exhibit very low photospheric velocity variations of about 2000 km s-1; therefore, this may serve as a convenient indicator of low-mass SNe. The ECSN has very unique light curves in broad-bands, especially the U band, and does not resemble any currently observed SN. This ECSN progenitor being part of a binary will lose its envelope for which reason the light curve becomes short and undetectable. The SN from the 9.6 M progenitor exhibits also quite an unusual light curve, explained by the absence of metals in the initial composition. The artificially iron-polluted 9.6 M model demonstrates light curves closer to normal SNe IIP. The SN from the 9 M progenitor remains the best candidate for so-called low-luminosity SNe IIP like SN 1999br and SN 2005cs.


(353)Extended fast action minimization method: application to SDSS-DR12 combined sample
  • E. Sarpa,
  • A. Veropalumbo,
  • C. Schimd,
  • E. Branchini,
  • S. Matarrese
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (05/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/stab378
abstract + abstract -

We present the first application of the extended Fast Action Minimization method (eFAM) to a real data set, the SDSS-DR12 Combined Sample, to reconstruct galaxies orbits back-in-time, their two-point correlation function (2PCF) in real-space, and enhance the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) peak. For this purpose, we introduce a new implementation of eFAM that accounts for selection effects, survey footprint, and galaxy bias. We use the reconstructed BAO peak to measure the angular diameter distance, $D_\mathrm{A}(z)r^\mathrm{fid}_\mathrm{s}/r_\mathrm{s}$ , and the Hubble parameter, $H(z)r_\mathrm{s}/r^\mathrm{fid}_\mathrm{s}$ , normalized to the sound horizon scale for a fiducial cosmology $r^\mathrm{fid}_\mathrm{s}$ , at the mean redshift of the sample z = 0.38, obtaining $D_\mathrm{A}(z=0.38)r^\mathrm{fid}_\mathrm{s}/r_\mathrm{s}=1090\pm 29$ (Mpc)-1, and $H(z=0.38)r_\mathrm{s}/r^\mathrm{fid}_\mathrm{s}=83\pm 3$ (km s-1 Mpc-1), in agreement with previous measurements on the same data set. The validation tests, performed using 400 publicly available SDSS-DR12 mock catalogues, reveal that eFAM performs well in reconstructing the 2PCF down to separations of ∼25h-1Mpc, i.e. well into the non-linear regime. Besides, eFAM successfully removes the anisotropies due to redshift-space distortion (RSD) at all redshifts including that of the survey, allowing us to decrease the number of free parameters in the model and fit the full-shape of the back-in-time reconstructed 2PCF well beyond the BAO peak. Recovering the real-space 2PCF, eFAM improves the precision on the estimates of the fitting parameters. When compared with the no-reconstruction case, eFAM reduces the uncertainty of the Alcock-Paczynski distortion parameters α and α of about 40 per cent and that on the non-linear damping scale Σ of about 70 per cent. These results show that eFAM can be successfully applied to existing redshift galaxy catalogues and should be considered as a reconstruction tool for next-generation surveys alternative to popular methods based on the Zel'dovich approximation.


(352)Dust evolution in zoom-in cosmological simulations of galaxy formation
  • Gian Luigi Granato,
  • Cinthia Ragone-Figueroa,
  • Antonela Taverna,
  • Laura Silva,
  • Milena Valentini
  • +4
  • Stefano Borgani,
  • Pierluigi Monaco,
  • Giuseppe Murante,
  • Luca Tornatore
  • (less)
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (05/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/stab362
abstract + abstract -

We present cosmological zoom-in hydrodynamical simulations for the formation of disc galaxies, implementing dust evolution and dust promoted cooling of hot gas. We couple an improved version of our previous treatment of dust evolution, which adopts the two-size approximation to estimate the grain-size distribution, with the MUPPI star formation and feedback subresolution model. Our dust evolution model follows carbon and silicate dust separately. To distinguish differences induced by the chaotic behaviour of simulations from those genuinely due to different simulation set-up, we run each model six times, after introducing tiny perturbations in the initial conditions. With this method, we discuss the role of various dust-related physical processes and the effect of a few possible approximations adopted in the literature. Metal depletion and dust cooling affect the evolution of the system, causing substantial variations in its stellar, gas, and dust content. We discuss possible effects on the Spectral Energy Distribution of the significant variations of the size distribution and chemical composition of grains, as predicted by our simulations during the evolution of the galaxy. We compare dust surface density, dust-to-gas ratio, and small-to-large grain mass ratio as a function of galaxy radius and gas metallicity predicted by our fiducial run with recent observational estimates for three disc galaxies of different masses. The general agreement is good, in particular taking into account that we have not adjusted our model for this purpose.


(351)Bayesian Reasoning with Trained Neural Networks
  • Jakob Knollmüller,
  • Torsten A. Enßlin
Entropy (05/2021) doi:10.3390/e23060693
abstract + abstract -

We showed how to use trained neural networks to perform Bayesian reasoning in order to solve tasks outside their initial scope. Deep generative models provide prior knowledge, and classification/regression networks impose constraints. The tasks at hand were formulated as Bayesian inference problems, which we approximately solved through variational or sampling techniques. The approach built on top of already trained networks, and the addressable questions grew super-exponentially with the number of available networks. In its simplest form, the approach yielded conditional generative models. However, multiple simultaneous constraints constitute elaborate questions. We compared the approach to specifically trained generators, showed how to solve riddles, and demonstrated its compatibility with state-of-the-art architectures.


(350)Resolving the Complex Evolution of a Supermassive Black Hole Triplet in a Cosmological Simulation
  • Matias Mannerkoski,
  • Peter H. Johansson,
  • Antti Rantala,
  • Thorsten Naab,
  • Shihong Liao
The Astrophysical Journal (05/2021) doi:10.3847/2041-8213/abf9a5
abstract + abstract -

We present here a self-consistent cosmological zoom-in simulation of a triple supermassive black hole (SMBH) system forming in a complex multiple galaxy merger. The simulation is run with an updated version of our code KETJU, which is able to follow the motion of SMBHs down to separations of tens of Schwarzschild radii while simultaneously modeling the large-scale astrophysical processes in the surrounding galaxies, such as gas cooling, star formation, and stellar and AGN feedback. Our simulation produces initially an SMBH binary system for which the hardening process is interrupted by the late arrival of a third SMBH. The KETJU code is able to accurately model the complex behavior occurring in such a triple SMBH system, including the ejection of one SMBH to a kiloparsec-scale orbit in the galaxy due to strong three-body interactions as well as Lidov-Kozai oscillations suppressed by relativistic precession when the SMBHs are in a hierarchical configuration. One pair of SMBHs merges ∼3 Gyr after the initial galaxy merger, while the remaining binary is at a parsec-scale separation when the simulation ends at redshift z = 0. We also show that KETJU can capture the effects of the SMBH binaries and triplets on the surrounding stellar population, which can affect the binary merger timescales as the stellar density in the system evolves. Our results demonstrate the importance of dynamically resolving the complex behavior of multiple SMBHs in galactic mergers, as such systems cannot be readily modeled using simple orbit-averaged semianalytic models.


(349)Classification and Uncertainty Quantification of Corrupted Data using Semi-Supervised Autoencoders
  • Philipp Joppich,
  • Sebastian Dorn,
  • Oliver De Candido,
  • Wolfgang Utschick,
  • Jakob Knollmüller
arXiv e-prints (05/2021) e-Print:2105.13393
abstract + abstract -

Parametric and non-parametric classifiers often have to deal with real-world data, where corruptions like noise, occlusions, and blur are unavoidable - posing significant challenges. We present a probabilistic approach to classify strongly corrupted data and quantify uncertainty, despite the model only having been trained with uncorrupted data. A semi-supervised autoencoder trained on uncorrupted data is the underlying architecture. We use the decoding part as a generative model for realistic data and extend it by convolutions, masking, and additive Gaussian noise to describe imperfections. This constitutes a statistical inference task in terms of the optimal latent space activations of the underlying uncorrupted datum. We solve this problem approximately with Metric Gaussian Variational Inference (MGVI). The supervision of the autoencoder's latent space allows us to classify corrupted data directly under uncertainty with the statistically inferred latent space activations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the model uncertainty strongly depends on whether the classification is correct or wrong, setting a basis for a statistical "lie detector" of the classification. Independent of that, we show that the generative model can optimally restore the uncorrupted datum by decoding the inferred latent space activations.


RU-D
(348)A bright inner disk and structures in the transition disk around the very low-mass star CIDA 1
  • P. Pinilla,
  • N. T. Kurtovic,
  • M. Benisty,
  • C. F. Manara,
  • A. Natta
  • +5
  • E. Sanchis,
  • M. Tazzari,
  • S. M. Stammler,
  • L. Ricci,
  • L. Testi
  • (less)
Astronomy and Astrophysics (05/2021) doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140371
abstract + abstract -

The frequency of Earth-sized planets in habitable zones appears to be higher around M-dwarfs, making these systems exciting laboratories to investigate planet formation. Observations of protoplanetary disks around very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs remain challenging and little is known about their properties. The disk around CIDA 1 (~0.1-0.2 M) is one of the very few known disks that host a large cavity (20 au radius in size) around a very low-mass star. We present new ALMA observations at Band 7 (0.9 mm) and Band 4 (2.1 mm) of CIDA 1 with a resolution of ~0.05″ × 0.034″. These new ALMA observations reveal a very bright and unresolved inner disk, a shallow spectral index of the dust emission (~2), and a complex morphology of a ring located at 20 au. We also present X-shooter (VLT) observations that confirm the high accretion rate of CIDA 1 of Ṁacc = 1.4 × 10−8 M yr−1. This high value of Ṁacc, the observed inner disk, and the large cavity of 20 au exclude models of photo-evaporation to explain the observed cavity. When comparing these observations with models that combine planet-disk interaction, dust evolution, and radiative transfer, we exclude planets more massive than 0.5 MJup as the potential origin of the large cavity because with these it is difficult to maintain a long-lived and bright inner disk. Even in this planet mass regime, an additional physical process may be needed to stop the particles from migrating inwards and to maintain a bright inner disk on timescales of millions of years. Such mechanisms include a trap formed by a very close-in extra planet or the inner edge of a dead zone. The low spectral index of the disk around CIDA 1 is difficult to explain and challenges our current dust evolution models, in particular processes like fragmentation, growth, and diffusion of particles inside pressure bumps.


CN-7
(347)Bottomonium suppression in an open quantum system using the quantum trajectories method
  • Nora Brambilla,
  • Miguel Ángel Escobedo,
  • Michael Strickland,
  • Antonio Vairo,
  • Peter Vander Griend
  • +1
Journal of High Energy Physics (05/2021) doi:10.1007/JHEP05(2021)136
abstract + abstract -

We solve the Lindblad equation describing the Brownian motion of a Coulombic heavy quark-antiquark pair in a strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma using the highly efficient Monte Carlo wave-function method. The Lindblad equation has been derived in the framework of pNRQCD and fully accounts for the quantum and non-Abelian nature of the system. The hydrodynamics of the plasma is realistically implemented through a 3+1D dissipative hydrodynamics code. We compute the bottomonium nuclear modification factor and compare with the most recent LHC data. The computation does not rely on any free parameter, as it depends on two transport coefficients that have been evaluated independently in lattice QCD. Our final results, which include late-time feed down of excited states, agree well with the available data from LHC 5.02 TeV PbPb collisions.


MIAPbP
(346)The Cosmic Ultraviolet Baryon Survey (CUBS). II. Discovery of an H<SUB>2</SUB>-bearing DLA in the Vicinity of an Early-type Galaxy at z = 0.576
  • Erin Boettcher,
  • Hsiao-Wen Chen,
  • Fakhri S. Zahedy,
  • Thomas J. Cooper,
  • Sean D. Johnson
  • +16
  • Gwen C. Rudie,
  • Mandy C. Chen,
  • Patrick Petitjean,
  • Sebastiano Cantalupo,
  • Kathy L. Cooksey,
  • Claude-André Faucher-Giguère,
  • Jenny E. Greene,
  • Sebastian Lopez,
  • John S. Mulchaey,
  • Steven V. Penton,
  • Mary E. Putman,
  • Marc Rafelski,
  • Michael Rauch,
  • Joop Schaye,
  • Robert A. Simcoe,
  • Gregory L. Walth
  • (less)
The Astrophysical Journal (05/2021) doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abf0a0
abstract + abstract -

We report the serendipitous detection of an H2-bearing damped Lyα absorber at z = 0.576 in the spectrum of the QSO J0111-0316 in the Cosmic Ultraviolet Baryon Survey. Spectroscopic observations from Hubble Space Telescope-COS in the far-ultraviolet reveal a damped absorber with log[N(H I)/cm-2] = 20.1 ± 0.2 and log[N(H2)/cm-2] $={18.97}_{-0.06}^{+0.05}$ . The diffuse molecular gas is found in two velocity components separated by Δ ν ≍ 60 km s-1, with >99.9% of the total H2 column density concentrated in one component. At a metallicity of ≍50% of solar, there is evidence for Fe enhancement and dust depletion, with a dust-to-gas ratio κO ≍ 0.4. A galaxy redshift survey conducted with IMACS and LDSS-3C on Magellan reveals an overdensity of nine galaxies at projected distance d ≤ 600 proper kpc (pkpc) and line-of-sight velocity offset Δ νg ≤ 300 km s-1 from the absorber. The closest is a massive, early-type galaxy at d = 41 pkpc that contains ≍70% of the total stellar mass identified at d ≤ 310 pkpc of the H2 absorber. The close proximity of the H2-bearing gas to the quiescent galaxy and the Fe-enhanced chemical abundance pattern of the absorber suggest a physical connection, in contrast to a picture in which DLAs are primarily associated with gas-rich dwarfs. This case study illustrates that deep galaxy redshift surveys are needed to gain insight into the diverse environments that host dense and potentially star-forming gas. * Based on data gathered with the 6.5 m Magellan Telescopes located at Las Campanas Observatory and the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope operated by the Space Telescope Science Institute and the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555.


RU-C
(345)Galaxy bias from forward models: linear and second-order bias of IllustrisTNG galaxies
  • Alexandre Barreira,
  • Titouan Lazeyras,
  • Fabian Schmidt
abstract + abstract -

We use field-level forward models of galaxy clustering and the EFT likelihood formalism to study, for the first time for self-consistently simulated galaxies, the relations between the linear b_1 and second-order bias parameters b 2 and b K 2 . The forward models utilize all of the information available in the galaxy distribution up to a given order in perturbation theory, which allows us to infer these bias parameters with high signal-to-noise, even from relatively small volumes (L box = 205 Mpc/h). We consider galaxies from the simulations, and our main result is that the b 2(b 1) and b K 2 (b 1) relations obtained from gravity-only simulations for total mass selected objects are broadly preserved for simulated galaxies selected by stellar mass, star formation rate, color and black hole accretion rate. We also find good agreement between the bias relations of the simulated galaxies and a number of recent estimates for observed galaxy samples. The consistency under different galaxy selection criteria suggests that theoretical priors on these bias relations may be used to improve cosmological constraints based on observed galaxy samples. We do identify some small differences between the bias relations in the hydrodynamical and gravity-only simulations, which we show can be linked to the environmental dependence of the relation between galaxy properties and mass. We also show that the EFT likelihood recovers the value of σ8 to percent-level from various galaxy samples (including splits by color and star formation rate) and after marginalizing over 8 bias parameters. This demonstration using simulated galaxies adds to previous works based on halos as tracers, and strengthens further the potential of forward models to infer cosmology from galaxy data.


MIAPbP
(344)Approach to scaling in axion string networks
  • Mark Hindmarsh,
  • Joanes Lizarraga,
  • Asier Lopez-Eiguren,
  • Jon Urrestilla
Physical Review D (05/2021) doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.103.103534
abstract + abstract -

We study the approach to scaling in axion string networks in the radiation era, through measuring the root-mean-square velocity v as well as the scaled mean string separation x . We find good evidence for a fixed point in the phase-space analysis in the variables (x ,v ), providing a strong indication that standard scaling is taking place. We show that the approach to scaling can be well described by a two parameter velocity-one-scale (VOS) model, and show that the values of the parameters are insensitive to the initial state of the network. The string length has also been commonly expressed in terms of a dimensionless string length density ζ , proportional to the number of Hubble lengths of string per Hubble volume. In simulations with initial conditions far from the fixed point ζ is still evolving after half a light-crossing time, which has been interpreted in the literature as a long-term logarithmic growth. We show that all our simulations, even those starting far from the fixed point, are accounted for by a VOS model with an asymptote of ζ*=1.20 ±0.09 (calculated from the string length in the cosmic rest frame) and v*=0.609 ±0.014 .


RU-A
(343)The Flavor of UV Physics
  • Sebastian Bruggisser,
  • Ruth Schäfer,
  • Danny van Dyk,
  • Susanne Westhoff
Journal of High Energy Physics (05/2021) e-Print:2101.07273 doi:10.1007/JHEP05%282021%29257
abstract + abstract -

New physics not far above the TeV scale should leave a pattern of virtual effects in observables at lower energies. What do these effects tell us about the flavor structure of a UV theory? Within the framework of Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), we resolve the flavor structure of the Wilson coefficients in a combined analysis of top-quark and B-physics observables. Our fit to LHC and b-factory measurements shows that combining top and bottom observables is crucial to pin down possible sources of flavor symmetry breaking from UV physics. Our analysis includes the full analytic expansion of SMEFT coefficients in Minimal Flavor Violation and a detailed study of SMEFT effects in b→s flavor transitions.


RU-D
(342)Hierarchical fragmentation in high redshift galaxies revealed by hydrodynamical simulations
  • Baptiste Faure,
  • Frédéric Bournaud,
  • Jérémy Fensch,
  • Emanuele Daddi,
  • Manuel Behrendt
  • +2
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (04/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/stab272
abstract + abstract -

High-redshift star-forming galaxies have very different morphologies compared to nearby ones. Indeed, they are often dominated by bright star-forming structures of masses up to 108-9 M dubbed 'giant clumps'. However, recent observations questioned this result by showing only low-mass structures or no structure at all. We use Adaptative Mesh Refinement hydrodynamical simulations of galaxies with parsec-scale resolution to study the formation of structures inside clumpy high-redshift galaxies. We show that in very gas-rich galaxies star formation occurs in small gas clusters with masses below 107-8 M that are themselves located inside giant complexes with masses up to 108 and sometimes 109 M. Those massive structures are similar in mass and size to the giant clumps observed in imaging surveys, in particular with the Hubble Space Telescope. Using mock observations of simulated galaxies, we show that at very high resolution with instruments like the Atacama Large Millimeter Array or through gravitational lensing, only low-mass structures are likely to be detected, and their gathering into giant complexes might be missed. This leads to the non-detection of the giant clumps and therefore introduces a bias in the detection of these structures. We show that the simulated giant clumps can be gravitationally bound even when undetected in mocks representative for ALMA observations and HST observations of lensed galaxies. We then compare the top-down fragmentation of an initially warm disc and the bottom-up fragmentation of an initially cold disc to show that the process of formation of the clumps does not impact their physical properties.


(341)Axion miniclusters made easy
  • David Ellis,
  • David J. E. Marsh,
  • Christoph Behrens
Physical Review D (04/2021) doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.103.083525
abstract + abstract -

We use a modified version of the peak patch excursion set formalism to compute the mass and size distribution of QCD axion miniclusters from a fully non-Gaussian initial density field obtained from numerical simulations of axion string decay. We find strong agreement with N -body simulations at significantly lower computational cost. We employ a spherical collapse model, and provide fitting functions for the modified barrier in the radiation era. The halo mass function at z =629 has a power-law distribution M-0.6 for masses within the range 10-15≲M ≲10-10 M , with all masses scaling as (ma/50 μ eV )-0.5 . We construct merger trees to estimate the collapse redshift and concentration mass relation, C (M ), which is well described using analytical results from the initial power spectrum and linear growth. Using the calibrated analytic results to extrapolate to z =0 , our method predicts a mean concentration C ∼O (few )×104. The low computational cost of our method makes future investigation of the statistics of rare, dense miniclusters easy to achieve.


(340)frost: a momentum-conserving CUDA implementation of a hierarchical fourth-order forward symplectic integrator
  • Antti Rantala,
  • Thorsten Naab,
  • Volker Springel
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (04/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/stab057
abstract + abstract -

We present a novel hierarchical formulation of the fourth-order forward symplectic integrator and its numerical implementation in the GPU-accelerated direct-summation N-body code frost. The new integrator is especially suitable for simulations with a large dynamical range due to its hierarchical nature. The strictly positive integrator sub-steps in a fourth-order symplectic integrator are made possible by computing an additional gradient term in addition to the Newtonian accelerations. All force calculations and kick operations are synchronous so the integration algorithm is manifestly momentum-conserving. We also employ a time-step symmetrization procedure to approximately restore the time-reversibility with adaptive individual time-steps. We demonstrate in a series of binary, few-body and million-body simulations that frost conserves energy to a level of |ΔE/E| ∼ 10-10 while errors in linear and angular momentum are practically negligible. For typical star cluster simulations, we find that frost scales well up to $N_\mathrm{GPU}^\mathrm{max}\sim 4\times N/10^5$ GPUs, making direct-summation N-body simulations beyond N = 106 particles possible on systems with several hundred and more GPUs. Due to the nature of hierarchical integration, the inclusion of a Kepler solver or a regularized integrator with post-Newtonian corrections for close encounters and binaries in the code is straightforward.


RU-D
(339)Breaking the degeneracy between gas inflow and outflows with stellar metallicity: insights on M 101
  • Xiaoyu Kang,
  • Ruixiang Chang,
  • Rolf-Peter Kudritzki,
  • Xiaobo Gong,
  • Fenghui Zhang
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (04/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/stab147
abstract + abstract -

An analytical chemical evolution model is constructed to investigate the radial distribution of gas-phase and stellar metallicity for star-forming galaxies. By means of the model, the gas-phase and stellar metallicity can be obtained from the stellar-to-gas mass ratio. Both the gas inflow and outflow processes play an important role in building the final gas-phase metallicity, and there exists degeneracy effect between the gas inflow and outflow rates for star-forming galaxies. On the other hand, stellar metallicity is more sensitive to the gas outflow rate than to the gas inflow rate, and this helps to break the parameter degeneracy for star-forming galaxies. We apply this analysis method to the nearby disc galaxy M 101 and adopting the classical χ2 methodology to explore the influence of model parameters on the resulted metallicity. It can be found that the combination of gas-phase and stellar metallicity is indeed more effective for constraining the gas inflow and outflow rates. Our results also show that the model with relatively strong gas outflows but weak gas inflow describes the evolution of M 101 reasonably well.


CN-2
RU-D
(338)Detection of new O-type stars in the obscured stellar cluster Tr 16-SE in the Carina Nebula with KMOS
  • T. Preibisch,
  • S. Flaischlen,
  • C. Göppl,
  • B. Ercolano,
  • V. Roccatagliata
Astronomy and Astrophysics (04/2021) doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039620
abstract + abstract -

Context. The Carina Nebula harbors a large population of high-mass stars, including at least 75 O-type and Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars, but the current census is not complete since further high-mass stars may be hidden in or behind the dense dark clouds that pervade the association.
Aims: With the aim of identifying optically obscured O- and early B-type stars in the Carina Nebula, we performed the first infrared spectroscopic study of stars in the optically obscured stellar cluster Tr 16-SE, located behind a dark dust lane south of η Car.
Methods: We used the integral-field spectrograph KMOS at the ESO VLT to obtain H- and K-band spectra with a resolution of R ≈ 4000 (Δλ ≈ 5 Å) for 45 out of the 47 possible OB candidate stars in Tr 16-SE, and we derived spectral types for these stars.
Results: We find 15 stars in Tr 16-SE with spectral types between O5 and B2 (i.e., high-mass stars with M ≥ 8 M), only two of which were known before. An additional nine stars are classified as (Ae)Be stars (i.e., intermediate-mass pre-main-sequence stars), and most of the remaining targets show clear signatures of being late-type stars and are thus most likely foreground stars or background giants unrelated to the Carina Nebula. Our estimates of the stellar luminosities suggest that nine of the 15 O- and early B-type stars are members of Tr 16-SE, whereas the other six seem to be background objects.
Conclusions: Our study increases the number of spectroscopically identified high-mass stars (M ≥ 8 M) in Tr 16-SE from two to nine and shows that Tr 16-SE is one of the larger clusters in the Carina Nebula. Our identification of three new stars with spectral types between O5 and O7 and four new stars with spectral types O9 to B1 significantly increases the number of spectroscopically identified O-type stars in the Carina Nebula.

Reduced spectra are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/648/A34

Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory under ESO program 097.C-0102.


(337)Impact of baryons in cosmic shear analyses with tomographic aperture mass statistics
  • Nicolas Martinet,
  • Tiago Castro,
  • Joachim Harnois-Déraps,
  • Eric Jullo,
  • Carlo Giocoli
  • +1
Astronomy and Astrophysics (04/2021) doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202040155
abstract + abstract -

NonGaussian cosmic shear statistics based on weak-lensing aperture mass (Map) maps can outperform the classical shear two-point correlation function (γ-2PCF) in terms of cosmological constraining power. However, reaching the full potential of these new estimators requires accurate modeling of the physics of baryons as the extra nonGaussian information mostly resides at small scales. We present one such modeling based on the Magneticum hydrodynamical simulation for the KiDS-450 and DES-Y1 surveys and a Euclid-like survey. We compute the bias due to baryons on the lensing PDF and the distribution of peaks and voids in Map maps and propagate it to the cosmological forecasts on the structure growth parameter S8, the matter density parameter Ωm, and the dark energy equation of state w0 using the SLICS and cosmo-SLICS sets of dark-matter-only simulations. We report a negative bias of a few percent on S8 and Ωm and also measure a positive bias of the same level on w0 when including a tomographic decomposition. These biases reach ∼5% when combining Map statistics with the γ-2PCF as these estimators show similar dependency on the AGN feedback. We verify that these biases constitute a less than 1σ shift on the probed cosmological parameters for current cosmic shear surveys. However, baryons need to be accounted for at the percentage level for future Stage IV surveys and we propose to include the uncertainty on the AGN feedback amplitude by marginalizing over this parameter using multiple simulations such as those presented in this paper. Finally, we explore the possibility of mitigating the impact of baryons by filtering the Map map but find that this process would require suppressing the small-scale information to a point where the constraints would no longer be competitive.


CN-4
RU-C
(336)Dalek: A Deep Learning Emulator for TARDIS
  • Wolfgang E. Kerzendorf,
  • Christian Vogl,
  • Johannes Buchner,
  • Gabriella Contardo,
  • Marc Williamson
  • +1
The Astrophysical Journal (04/2021) doi:10.3847/2041-8213/abeb1b
abstract + abstract -

Supernova spectral time series contain a wealth of information about the progenitor and explosion process of these energetic events. The modeling of these data requires the exploration of very high dimensional posterior probabilities with expensive radiative transfer codes. Even modest parameterizations of supernovae contain more than 10 parameters and a detailed exploration demands at least several million function evaluations. Physically realistic models require at least tens of CPU minutes per evaluation putting a detailed reconstruction of the explosion out of reach of traditional methodology. The advent of widely available libraries for the training of neural networks combined with their ability to approximate almost arbitrary functions with high precision allows for a new approach to this problem. Instead of evaluating the radiative transfer model itself, one can build a neural network proxy trained on the simulations but evaluating orders of magnitude faster. Such a framework is called an emulator or surrogate model. In this work, we present an emulator for the TARDIS supernova radiative transfer code applied to Type Ia supernova spectra. We show that we can train an emulator for this problem given a modest training set of 100,000 spectra (easily calculable on modern supercomputers). The results show an accuracy on the percent level (that are dominated by the Monte Carlo nature of TARDIS and not the emulator) with a speedup of several orders of magnitude. This method has a much broader set of applications and is not limited to the presented problem.


(335)Probing the Symmetry Energy with the Spectral Pion Ratio
  • J. Estee,
  • W. G. Lynch,
  • C. Y. Tsang,
  • J. Barney,
  • G. Jhang
  • +59
  • M. B. Tsang,
  • R. Wang,
  • M. Kaneko,
  • J. W. Lee,
  • T. Isobe,
  • M. Kurata-Nishimura,
  • T. Murakami,
  • D. S. Ahn,
  • L. Atar,
  • T. Aumann,
  • H. Baba,
  • K. Boretzky,
  • J. Brzychczyk,
  • G. Cerizza,
  • N. Chiga,
  • N. Fukuda,
  • I. Gasparic,
  • B. Hong,
  • A. Horvat,
  • K. Ieki,
  • N. Inabe,
  • Y. J. Kim,
  • T. Kobayashi,
  • Y. Kondo,
  • P. Lasko,
  • H. S. Lee,
  • Y. Leifels,
  • J. Łukasik,
  • J. Manfredi,
  • A. B. McIntosh,
  • P. Morfouace,
  • T. Nakamura,
  • N. Nakatsuka,
  • S. Nishimura,
  • H. Otsu,
  • P. Pawłowski,
  • K. Pelczar,
  • D. Rossi,
  • H. Sakurai,
  • C. Santamaria,
  • H. Sato,
  • H. Scheit,
  • R. Shane,
  • Y. Shimizu,
  • H. Simon,
  • A. Snoch,
  • A. Sochocka,
  • T. Sumikama,
  • H. Suzuki,
  • D. Suzuki,
  • H. Takeda,
  • S. Tangwancharoen,
  • H. Toernqvist,
  • Y. Togano,
  • Z. G. Xiao,
  • S. J. Yennello,
  • Y. Zhang,
  • M. D. Cozma,
  • S π RIT Collaboration
  • (less)
Physical Review Letters (04/2021) doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.162701
abstract + abstract -

Many neutron star properties, such as the proton fraction, reflect the symmetry energy contributions to the equation of state that dominate when neutron and proton densities differ strongly. To constrain these contributions at suprasaturation densities, we measure the spectra of charged pions produced by colliding rare isotope tin (Sn) beams with isotopically enriched Sn targets. Using ratios of the charged pion spectra measured at high transverse momenta, we deduce the slope of the symmetry energy to be 42 <L <117 MeV . This value is slightly lower but consistent with the L values deduced from a recent measurement of the neutron skin thickness of 208Pb.


(334)The formation history of the Milky Way disc with high-resolution cosmological simulations
  • Marco Giammaria,
  • Alessandro Spagna,
  • Mario G. Lattanzi,
  • Giuseppe Murante,
  • Paola Re Fiorentin
  • +1
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (04/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/stab136
abstract + abstract -

We analyse from an observational perspective the formation history and kinematics of a Milky Way-like galaxy from a high-resolution zoom-in cosmological simulation that we compare to those of our Galaxy as seen by Gaia DR2 to better understand the origin and evolution of the Galactic thin and thick discs. The cosmological simulation was carried out with the GADGET-3 TreePM+SPH code using the MUlti-Phase Particle Integrator (MUPPI) model. We disentangle the complex overlapping of stellar generations that rises from the top-down and inside-out formation of the galactic disc. We investigate cosmological signatures in the phase-space of mono-age populations and highlight features stemming from past and recent dynamical perturbations. In the simulation, we identify a satellite with a stellar mass of $1.2 \times 10^9~\rm {M}_\odot$ , i.e. stellar mass ratio Δ ∼ 5.5 per cent at the time, accreted at z ∼ 1.6, which resembles the major merger Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus that produced the Galactic thick disc, i.e. Δ ∼ 6 per cent. We found at z ∼ 0.5-0.4 two merging satellites with a stellar mass of $8.8 \times 10^8~\rm {M}_\odot$ and $5.1 \times 10^8~\rm {M}_\odot$ that are associated to a strong starburst in the star formation history, which appears fairly similar to that recently found in the solar neighbourhood. Our findings highlight that detailed studies of coeval stellar populations kinematics, which are made available by current and future Gaia data releases and in synergy with simulations, are fundamental to unravel the formation and evolution of the Milky Way discs.


RU-D
(333)Galaxy Look-back Evolution Models: A Comparison with Magneticum Cosmological Simulations and Observations
  • Rolf-Peter Kudritzki,
  • Adelheid F. Teklu,
  • Felix Schulze,
  • Rhea-Silvia Remus,
  • Klaus Dolag
  • +2
  • Andreas Burkert,
  • H. Jabran Zahid
  • (less)
The Astrophysical Journal (04/2021) doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abe40c
abstract + abstract -

We construct empirical models of star-forming galaxy evolution assuming that individual galaxies evolve along well-known scaling relations between stellar mass, gas mass, and star formation rate following a simple description of chemical evolution. We test these models by a comparison with observations and detailed Magneticum high-resolution hydrodynamic cosmological simulations. Galaxy star formation rates, stellar masses, gas masses, ages, interstellar medium, and stellar metallicities are compared. It is found that these simple look-back models capture many of the crucial aspects of galaxy evolution reasonably well. Their key assumption of a redshift-dependent power-law relationship between galaxy interstellar medium gas mass and stellar mass is in agreement with the outcome of the complex Magneticum simulations. Star formation rates decline toward lower redshift not because galaxies are running out of gas, but because the fraction of the cold interstellar medium gas, which is capable of producing stars, becomes significantly smaller. Gas accretion rates in both model approaches are of the same order of magnitude. Metallicity in the Magneticum simulations increases with the ratio of stellar mass to gas mass as predicted by the look-back models. The mass-metallicity relationships agree, and the star formation rate dependence of these relationships is also reproduced. We conclude that these simple models provide a powerful tool for constraining and interpreting more complex models based on cosmological simulations and for population synthesis studies analyzing the integrated spectra of stellar populations.