page 17 of 20
RU-B
(332)Search for light exotic fermions in double-beta decays
  • Matteo Agostini,
  • Elisabetta Bossio,
  • Alejandro Ibarra,
  • Xabier Marcano
Physics Letters B (04/2021) doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2021.136127
abstract + abstract -

The Standard Model of Particle Physics predicts the double-β decay of certain nuclei with the emission of two active neutrinos. In this letter, we argue that double-β decay experiments could be used to probe models with light exotic fermions through the search for spectral distortions in the electron spectrum with respect to the Standard Model expectations. We consider two concrete examples: models with light sterile neutrinos, singly produced in the double-β decay, and models with a light Z2-odd fermion, pair produced due to a Z2 symmetry. We estimate the discovery potential of a selection of double-β decay experiments and find that future searches will test for the first time a new part of the parameter space of interest at the MeV-mass scale.


CN-6
(331)Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign
  • J.C. Algaba,
  • J. Anczarski,
  • K. Asada,
  • M. Baloković,
  • S. Chandra
  • +731
  • Y.-Z. Cui,
  • A.D. Falcone,
  • M. Giroletti,
  • C. Goddi,
  • K. Hada,
  • D. Haggard,
  • S. Jorstad,
  • A. Kaur,
  • T. Kawashima,
  • G. Keating,
  • J.-Y. Kim,
  • M. Kino,
  • S. Komossa,
  • E.V. Kravchenko,
  • T.P. Krichbaum,
  • S.-S. Lee,
  • R.-S. Lu,
  • M. Lucchini,
  • S. Markoff,
  • J. Neilsen,
  • M.A. Nowak,
  • J. Park,
  • G. Principe,
  • V. Ramakrishnan,
  • M.T. Reynolds,
  • M. Sasada,
  • S.S. Savchenko,
  • K.E. Williamson,
  • Tomoya Hirota,
  • Lang Cui,
  • Kotaro Niinuma,
  • Hyunwook Ro,
  • Nobuyuki Sakai,
  • Satoko Sawada-Satoh,
  • Kiyoaki Wajima,
  • Na Wang,
  • Xiang Liu,
  • Yoshinori Yonekura,
  • Kazunori Akiyama,
  • Antxon Alberdi,
  • Walter Alef,
  • Richard Anantua,
  • Rebecca Azulay,
  • Anne-Kathrin Baczko,
  • David Ball,
  • John Barrett,
  • Dan Bintley,
  • Bradford A. Benson,
  • Lindy Blackburn,
  • Raymond Blundell,
  • Wilfred Boland,
  • Katherine L. Bouman,
  • Geoffrey C. Bower,
  • Hope Boyce,
  • Michael Bremer,
  • Christiaan D. Brinkerink,
  • Roger Brissenden,
  • Silke Britzen,
  • Avery E. Broderick,
  • Dominique Broguiere,
  • Thomas Bronzwaer,
  • Do-Young Byun,
  • John E. Carlstrom,
  • Andrew Chael,
  • Chi-kwan Chan,
  • Shami Chatterjee,
  • Koushik Chatterjee,
  • Ming-Tang Chen,
  • Yongjun Chen,
  • Paul M. Chesler,
  • Ilje Cho,
  • Pierre Christian,
  • John E. Conway,
  • James M. Cordes,
  • Thomas M. Crawford,
  • Geoffrey B. Crew,
  • Alejandro Cruz-Osorio,
  • Jordy Davelaar,
  • Mariafelicia De Laurentis,
  • Roger Deane,
  • Jessica Dempsey,
  • Gregory Desvignes,
  • Jason Dexter,
  • Sheperd S. Doeleman,
  • Ralph P. Eatough,
  • Heino Falcke,
  • Joseph Farah,
  • Vincent L. Fish,
  • E. Fomalont,
  • H. Alyson Ford,
  • Raquel Fraga-Encinas,
  • Per Friberg,
  • Christian M. Fromm,
  • Antonio Fuentes,
  • Peter Galison,
  • Charles F. Gammie,
  • Roberto García,
  • Olivier Gentaz,
  • Boris Georgiev,
  • Roman Gold,
  • José L. Gómez,
  • Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz,
  • Minfeng Gu,
  • Mark Gurwell,
  • Michael H. Hecht,
  • Ronald Hesper,
  • Luis C. Ho,
  • Paul Ho,
  • Mareki Honma,
  • Chih-Wei L. Huang,
  • Lei Huang,
  • David H. Hughes,
  • Shiro Ikeda,
  • Makoto Inoue,
  • Sara Issaoun,
  • David J. James,
  • Buell T. Jannuzi,
  • Michael Janssen,
  • Britton Jeter,
  • Wu Jiang,
  • Alejandra Jimenez-Rosales,
  • Michael D. Johnson,
  • Taehyun Jung,
  • Mansour Karami,
  • Ramesh Karuppusamy,
  • Mark Kettenis,
  • Dong-Jin Kim,
  • Jongsoo Kim,
  • Junhan Kim,
  • Jun Yi Koay,
  • Yutaro Kofuji,
  • Patrick M. Koch,
  • Shoko Koyama,
  • Michael Kramer,
  • Carsten Kramer,
  • Cheng-Yu Kuo,
  • Tod R. Lauer,
  • Aviad Levis,
  • Yan-Rong Li,
  • Zhiyuan Li,
  • Michael Lindqvist,
  • Rocco Lico,
  • Greg Lindahl,
  • Jun Liu,
  • Kuo Liu,
  • Elisabetta Liuzzo,
  • Wen-Ping Lo,
  • Andrei P. Lobanov,
  • Laurent Loinard,
  • Colin Lonsdale,
  • Nicholas R. MacDonald,
  • Jirong Mao,
  • Nicola Marchili,
  • Daniel P. Marrone,
  • Alan P. Marscher,
  • Iván Martí-Vidal,
  • Satoki Matsushita,
  • Lynn D. Matthews,
  • Lia Medeiros,
  • Karl M. Menten,
  • Izumi Mizuno,
  • Yosuke Mizuno,
  • James M. Moran,
  • Kotaro Moriyama,
  • Monika Moscibrodzka,
  • Cornelia Müller,
  • Gibwa Musoke,
  • Alejandro Mus Mejías,
  • Hiroshi Nagai,
  • Neil M. Nagar,
  • Masanori Nakamura,
  • Ramesh Narayan,
  • Gopal Narayanan,
  • Iniyan Natarajan,
  • Antonios Nathanail,
  • Roberto Neri,
  • Chunchong Ni,
  • Aristeidis Noutsos,
  • Hiroki Okino,
  • Héctor Olivares,
  • Gisela N. Ortiz-León,
  • Tomoaki Oyama,
  • Feryal Özel,
  • Daniel C.M. Palumbo,
  • Nimesh Patel,
  • Ue-Li Pen,
  • Dominic W. Pesce,
  • Vincent Piétu,
  • Richard Plambeck,
  • Aleksandar PopStefanija,
  • Oliver Porth,
  • Felix M. Pötzl,
  • Ben Prather,
  • Jorge A. Preciado-López,
  • Dimitrios Psaltis,
  • Hung-Yi Pu,
  • Ramprasad Rao,
  • Mark G. Rawlings,
  • Alexander W. Raymond,
  • Luciano Rezzolla,
  • Angelo Ricarte,
  • Bart Ripperda,
  • Freek Roelofs,
  • Alan Rogers,
  • Eduardo Ros,
  • Mel Rose,
  • Arash Roshanineshat,
  • Helge Rottmann,
  • Alan L. Roy,
  • Chet Ruszczyk,
  • Kazi L.J. Rygl,
  • Salvador Sánchez,
  • David Sánchez-Arguelles,
  • Tuomas Savolainen,
  • F. Peter Schloerb,
  • Karl-Friedrich Schuster,
  • Lijing Shao,
  • Zhiqiang Shen,
  • Des Small,
  • Bong Won Sohn,
  • Jason SooHoo,
  • He Sun,
  • Fumie Tazaki,
  • Alexandra J. Tetarenko,
  • Paul Tiede,
  • Remo P.J. Tilanus,
  • Michael Titus,
  • Kenji Toma,
  • Pablo Torne,
  • Tyler Trent,
  • Efthalia Traianou,
  • Sascha Trippe,
  • Ilse van Bemmel,
  • Huib Jan van Langevelde,
  • Daniel R. van Rossum,
  • Jan Wagner,
  • Derek Ward-Thompson,
  • John Wardle,
  • Jonathan Weintroub,
  • Norbert Wex,
  • Robert Wharton,
  • Maciek Wielgus,
  • George N. Wong,
  • Qingwen Wu,
  • Doosoo Yoon,
  • André Young,
  • Ken Young,
  • Ziri Younsi,
  • Feng Yuan,
  • Ye-Fei Yuan,
  • J. Anton Zensus,
  • Guang-Yao Zhao,
  • Shan-Shan Zhao,
  • M. Giroletti,
  • F. D'Ammando,
  • M. Orienti,
  • H. Abdalla,
  • R. Adam,
  • F. Aharonian,
  • F. Ait Benkhali,
  • E.O. Angüner,
  • C. Arcaro,
  • C. Armand,
  • T. Armstrong,
  • H. Ashkar,
  • M. Backes,
  • V. Baghmanyan,
  • V. Barbosa Martins,
  • A. Barnacka,
  • M. Barnard,
  • Y. Becherini,
  • D. Berge,
  • K. Bernlöhr,
  • B. Bi,
  • M. Böttcher,
  • C. Boisson,
  • J. Bolmont,
  • M. de Bony de Lavergne,
  • M. Breuhaus,
  • F. Brun,
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  • M. Bryan,
  • M. Büchele,
  • T. Bulik,
  • T. Bylund,
  • S. Caroff,
  • A. Carosi,
  • S. Casanova,
  • T. Chand,
  • A. Chen,
  • G. Cotter,
  • M. Curyło,
  • J. Damascene Mbarubucyeye,
  • I.D. Davids,
  • J. Davies,
  • C. Deil,
  • J. Devin,
  • P. deWilt,
  • L. Dirson,
  • A. Djannati-Ataï,
  • A. Dmytriiev,
  • A. Donath,
  • V. Doroshenko,
  • C. Duffy,
  • J. Dyks,
  • K. Egberts,
  • F. Eichhorn,
  • S. Einecke,
  • G. Emery,
  • J.-P. Ernenwein,
  • K. Feijen,
  • S. Fegan,
  • A. Fiasson,
  • G. Fichet de Clairfontaine,
  • G. Fontaine,
  • S. Funk,
  • M. Füßling,
  • S. Gabici,
  • Y.A. Gallant,
  • G. Giavitto,
  • L. Giunti,
  • D. Glawion,
  • J.F. Glicenstein,
  • D. Gottschall,
  • M.-H. Grondin,
  • J. Hahn,
  • M. Haupt,
  • G. Hermann,
  • J.A. Hinton,
  • W. Hofmann,
  • C. Hoischen,
  • T.L. Holch,
  • M. Holler,
  • M. Hörbe,
  • D. Horns,
  • D. Huber,
  • M. Jamrozy,
  • D. Jankowsky,
  • F. Jankowsky,
  • A. Jardin-Blicq,
  • V. Joshi,
  • I. Jung-Richardt,
  • E. Kasai,
  • M.A. Kastendieck,
  • K. Katarzyński,
  • U. Katz,
  • D. Khangulyan,
  • B. Khélifi,
  • S. Klepser,
  • W. Kluźniak,
  • Nu. Komin,
  • R. Konno,
  • K. Kosack,
  • D. Kostunin,
  • M. Kreter,
  • G. Lamanna,
  • A. Lemière,
  • M. Lemoine-Goumard,
  • J.-P. Lenain,
  • C. Levy,
  • T. Lohse,
  • I. Lypova,
  • J. Mackey,
  • J. Majumdar,
  • D. Malyshev,
  • D. Malyshev,
  • V. Marandon,
  • P. Marchegiani,
  • A. Marcowith,
  • A. Mares,
  • G. Martí-Devesa,
  • R. Marx,
  • G. Maurin,
  • P.J. Meintjes,
  • M. Meyer,
  • R. Moderski,
  • M. Mohamed,
  • L. Mohrmann,
  • A. Montanari,
  • C. Moore,
  • P. Morris,
  • E. Moulin,
  • J. Muller,
  • T. Murach,
  • K. Nakashima,
  • A. Nayerhoda,
  • M. de Naurois,
  • H. Ndiyavala,
  • F. Niederwanger,
  • J. Niemiec,
  • L. Oakes,
  • P. O'Brien,
  • H. Odaka,
  • S. Ohm,
  • L. Olivera-Nieto,
  • E. de Ona Wilhelmi,
  • M. Ostrowski,
  • M. Panter,
  • S. Panny,
  • R.D. Parsons,
  • G. Peron,
  • B. Peyaud,
  • Q. Piel,
  • S. Pita,
  • V. Poireau,
  • A. Priyana Noel,
  • D.A. Prokhorov,
  • H. Prokoph,
  • G. Pühlhofer,
  • M. Punch,
  • A. Quirrenbach,
  • R. Rauth,
  • P. Reichherzer,
  • A. Reimer,
  • O. Reimer,
  • Q. Remy,
  • M. Renaud,
  • F. Rieger,
  • L. Rinchiuso,
  • C. Romoli,
  • G. Rowell,
  • B. Rudak,
  • E. Ruiz-Velasco,
  • V. Sahakian,
  • S. Sailer,
  • D.A. Sanchez,
  • A. Santangelo,
  • M. Sasaki,
  • M. Scalici,
  • H.M. Schutte,
  • U. Schwanke,
  • S. Schwemmer,
  • M. Seglar-Arroyo,
  • M. Senniappan,
  • A.S. Seyffert,
  • N. Shafi,
  • K. Shiningayamwe,
  • R. Simoni,
  • A. Sinha,
  • H. Sol,
  • A. Specovius,
  • S. Spencer,
  • M. Spir-Jacob,
  • L. Sun,
  • R. Steenkamp,
  • C. Stegmann,
  • S. Steinmassl,
  • C. Steppa,
  • T. Takahashi,
  • T. Tavernier,
  • A.M. Taylor,
  • R. Terrier,
  • D. Tiziani,
  • M. Tluczykont,
  • L. Tomankova,
  • C. Trichard,
  • M. Tsirou,
  • R. Tuffs,
  • Y. Uchiyama,
  • D.J. van der Walt,
  • C. van Eldik,
  • C. van Rensburg,
  • B. van Soelen,
  • G. Vasileiadis,
  • J. Veh,
  • C. Venter,
  • P. Vincent,
  • J. Vink,
  • H.J. Völk,
  • T. Vuillaume,
  • Z. Wadiasingh,
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  • J. Watson,
  • F. Werner,
  • R. White,
  • A. Wierzcholska,
  • Yu Wun Wong,
  • A. Yusafzai,
  • M. Zacharias,
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  • D. Zargaryan,
  • A.A. Zdziarski,
  • A. Zech,
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  • J. Zorn,
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  • N. Żywucka,
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  • A. Arbet Engels,
  • M. Artero,
  • K. Asano,
  • D. Baack,
  • A. Babić,
  • A. Baquero,
  • U. Barres de Almeida,
  • J.A. Barrio,
  • J. Becerra González,
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  • E. Bernardini,
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  • J. Besenrieder,
  • W. Bhattacharyya,
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  • M. Delfino,
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  • C. Delgado Mendez,
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  • L. Di Venere,
  • E. Do Souto Espiñeira,
  • D. Dominis Prester,
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  • L. Font,
  • C. Fruck,
  • S. Fukami,
  • R.J. García López,
  • M. Garczarczyk,
  • S. Gasparyan,
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  • F. Giordano,
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  • D. Hrupec,
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  • I. Jiménez,
  • J. Jormanainen,
  • L. Jouvin,
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  • Y. Kobayashi,
  • H. Kubo,
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  • A. Lamastra,
  • D. Lelas,
  • F. Leone,
  • E. Lindfors,
  • S. Lombardi,
  • F. Longo,
  • R. López-Coto,
  • M. López-Moya,
  • A. López-Oramas,
  • S. Loporchio,
  • B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga,
  • C. Maggio,
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  • K. Mannheim,
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  • D. Mazin,
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  • D. Miceli,
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  • T. Oka,
  • J. Otero-Santos,
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  • M. Palatiello,
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  • P. Peñil,
  • C. Perennes,
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  • W. Rhode,
  • M. Ribó,
  • J. Rico,
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  • A. Rugliancich,
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  • T. Schweizer,
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  • T. Surić,
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  • A. Tutone,
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  • A. Gent,
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  • J. Holder,
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  • M. Kertzman,
  • D. Kieda,
  • S. Kumar,
  • M.J. Lang,
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  • P. Moriarty,
  • R. Mukherjee,
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  • M. Nievas-Rosillo,
  • S. O'Brien,
  • R.A. Ong,
  • A.N. Otte,
  • S. Patel,
  • K. Pfrang,
  • M. Pohl,
  • R.R. Prado,
  • E. Pueschel,
  • J. Quinn,
  • K. Ragan,
  • P.T. Reynolds,
  • D. Ribeiro,
  • G.T. Richards,
  • E. Roache,
  • C. Rulten,
  • J.L. Ryan,
  • M. Santander,
  • G.H. Sembroski,
  • R. Shang,
  • A. Weinstein,
  • D.A. Williams,
  • T. J Williamson
  • (less)
Astrophys.J.Lett. (04/2021) e-Print:2104.06855 doi:10.3847/2041-8213/abef71
abstract + abstract -

In 2017, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration succeeded in capturing the first direct image of the center of the M87 galaxy. The asymmetric ring morphology and size are consistent with theoretical expectations for a weakly accreting supermassive black hole of mass ∼6.5 × 109 M ⊙. The EHTC also partnered with several international facilities in space and on the ground, to arrange an extensive, quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength campaign. This Letter presents the results and analysis of this campaign, as well as the multi-wavelength data as a legacy data repository. We captured M87 in a historically low state, and the core flux dominates over HST-1 at high energies, making it possible to combine core flux constraints with the more spatially precise very long baseline interferometry data. We present the most complete simultaneous multi-wavelength spectrum of the active nucleus to date, and discuss the complexity and caveats of combining data from different spatial scales into one broadband spectrum. We apply two heuristic, isotropic leptonic single-zone models to provide insight into the basic source properties, but conclude that a structured jet is necessary to explain M87’s spectrum. We can exclude that the simultaneous γ-ray emission is produced via inverse Compton emission in the same region producing the EHT mm-band emission, and further conclude that the γ-rays can only be produced in the inner jets (inward of HST-1) if there are strongly particle-dominated regions. Direct synchrotron emission from accelerated protons and secondaries cannot yet be excluded.


(330)New mid-infrared imaging constraints on companions and protoplanetary disks around six young stars
  • D. J. M. Petit dit de la Roche,
  • N. Oberg,
  • M. E. van den Ancker,
  • I. Kamp,
  • R. van Boekel
  • +11
  • D. Fedele,
  • V. D.Ivanov,
  • M. Kasper,
  • H. U. Käufl,
  • M. Kissler-Patig,
  • P. A. Miles-Páez,
  • E. Pantin,
  • S. P. Quanz,
  • Ch. Rab,
  • R.Siebenmorgen,
  • L. B. F. M. Waters
  • (less)
abstract + abstract -

Mid-infrared imaging traces the sub-micron and micron sized dust grains in protoplanetary disks and it offers constraints on the geometrical properties of the disks and potential companions, particularly if those companions have circumplanetary disks. We use the VISIR instrument and its upgrade NEAR on the VLT to take new mid-infrared images of five (pre-)transition disks and one circumstellar disk with proposed planets and obtain the deepest resolved mid-infrared observations to date in order to put new constraints on the sizes of the emitting regions of the disks and the presence of possible companions. We derotate and stack the data to find the disk properties. Where available we compare the data to ProDiMo (Protoplanetary Disk Model) radiation thermo-chemical models to achieve a deeper understanding of the underlying physical processes within the disks. We apply the circularised PSF subtraction method to find upper limits on the fluxes of possible companions and model companions with circumplanetary disks. We resolve three of the six disks and calculate position angles, inclinations and (upper limits to) sizes of emission regions in the disks, improving upper limits on two of the unresolved disks. In all cases the majority of the mid-IR emission comes from small inner disks or the hot inner rims of outer disks. We refine the existing ProDiMo HD 100546 model SED fit in the mid-IR by increasing the PAH abundance relative to the ISM, adopting coronene as the representative PAH, and increase the outer cavity radius to 22.3 AU. We produce flux estimates for putative planetary-mass companions and circumplanetary disks, ruling out the presence of planetary-mass companions with L>0.0028L⊙ for a>180 AU in the HD 100546 system. Upper limits of 0.5 mJy-30 mJy are obtained at 8 μm-12 μm for potential companions in the different disks.

 


LRSM
(329)LUVMI-X: A Versatile Platform for Resource Prospecting on the Moon
  • M. J. Losekamm,
  • S. Barber,
  • J. Biswas,
  • T. Chupin,
  • A. Evagora
  • +16
  • G. Fau,
  • D. Fodorcan,
  • J. Gancet,
  • S. Kubitza,
  • H. K. Madakashira,
  • N. Murray,
  • J. Neumann,
  • T. Pöschl,
  • M. Reganaz,
  • L. Richter,
  • S. Schröder,
  • J. Schwanethal,
  • S. Sheridan,
  • D. Urbina,
  • D. Vogt,
  • and P. Wessels
  • (less)
Earth and Space 2021 (04/2021) doi:10.1061/9780784483374.029
abstract + abstract -

Our current knowledge about the Moon’s resource potential is limited to remote-sensing measurements and the analysis of Apollo-era samples. Even though there are persistent indications for substantial deposits of water and other volatiles—especially in the lunar polar regions—high-resolution mapping and in situ measurements are required to assess the technical feasibility and economic viability of exploiting them. The LUVMI-X mission will use a 50-kg rover equipped with complementary instrumentation to prospect illuminated and shadowed areas in the Moon’s polar regions through the use of laser spectroscopy, neutron spectroscopy, and direct sampling in combination with mass spectroscopy. It will also analyze the regolith composition and characterize the surface radiation environment.


MIAPbP
(328)Parametrics of electromagnetic searches for axion dark matter
  • Robert Lasenby
Physical Review D (04/2021) doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.103.075007
abstract + abstract -

Light axionlike particles occur in many theories of beyond-Standard-Model physics, and may make up some or all of the Universe's dark matter. One of the ways they can couple to the Standard Model is through the electromagnetic Fμ νF∼μ ν portal, and there is a broad experimental program, covering many decades in mass range, aiming to search for axion dark matter via this coupling. In this paper, we derive limits on the absorbed power, and coupling sensitivity, for a broad class of such searches. We find that standard techniques, such as resonant cavities and dielectric haloscopes, can achieve O (1 )-optimal axion-mass-averaged signal powers, for given volume and magnetic field. For low-mass (frequency ≪GHz ) axions, experiments using static background magnetic fields generally have suppressed sensitivity; we discuss the physics of this limitation, and propose experimental methods to avoid it, such as microwave up-conversion experiments. We also comment on the detection of other forms of dark matter, including dark photons, as well as the detection of relativistic hidden-sector particles.


RU-D
(327)Rapid CO gas dispersal from NO Lup's class III circumstellar disc
  • J. B. Lovell,
  • G. M. Kennedy,
  • S. Marino,
  • M. C. Wyatt,
  • M. Ansdell
  • +7
  • M. Kama,
  • C. F. Manara,
  • L. Matrà,
  • G. Rosotti,
  • M. Tazzari,
  • L. Testi,
  • J. P. Williams
  • (less)
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (03/2021) doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slaa189
abstract + abstract -

We observed the K7 class III star NO Lup in an ALMA survey of the 1-3 Myr Lupus association and detected circumstellar dust and CO gas. Here we show that the J = 3-2 CO emission is both spectrally and spatially resolved, with a broad velocity width ~19 km s-1 for its resolved size ~1 arcsec (~130 au). We model the gas emission as a Keplerian disc, finding consistency, but only with a central mass of ~11M, which is implausible given its spectral type and X-Shooter spectrum. A good fit to the data can also be found by modelling the CO emission as outflowing gas with a radial velocity ~22 km s-1. We interpret NO Lup's CO emission as the first imaged class III circumstellar disc with outflowing gas. We conclude that the CO is continually replenished, but cannot say if this is from the breakup of icy planetesimals or from the last remnants of the protoplanetary disc. We suggest further work to explore the origin of this CO, and its higher than expected velocity in comparison to photoevaporative models.


CN-3
MIAPbP
RU-C
(326)Neutrino mass bounds from confronting an effective model with BOSS Lyman-α data
  • Mathias Garny,
  • Thomas Konstandin,
  • Laura Sagunski,
  • Matteo Viel
Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (03/2021) doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2021/03/049
abstract + abstract -

We present an effective model for the one-dimensional Lyman-α flux power spectrum far above the baryonic Jeans scale. The main new ingredient is constituted by a set of two parameters that encode the impact of small, highly non-linear scales on the one-dimensional power spectrum on large scales, where it is measured by BOSS. We show that, by marginalizing over the model parameters that capture the impact of the intergalactic medium, the flux power spectrum from both simulations and observations can be described with high precision. The model displays a degeneracy between the neutrino masses and the (unknown, in our formalism) normalization of the flux power spectrum. This degeneracy can be lifted by calibrating one of the model parameters with simulation data, and using input from Planck CMB data. We demonstrate that this approach can be used to extract bounds on the sum of neutrino masses with comparably low numerical effort, while allowing for a conservative treatment of uncertainties from the dynamics of the intergalactic medium. An explorative analysis yields an upper bound of 0.16eV at 95% C.L. when applied to BOSS data at 3 ≤ z ≤ 4.2. We also forecast that if the systematic and statistical errors will be reduced by a factor two the upper bound will become 0.1eV at 95% C.L, and 0.056eV when assuming a 1% error.


(325)Entropy Bound and Unitarity of Scattering Amplitudes
  • Gia Dvali
abstract + abstract -

We establish that unitarity of scattering amplitudes imposes universal entropy bounds. The maximal entropy of a self-sustained quantum field object of radius R is equal to its surface area and at the same time to the inverse running coupling α evaluated at the scale R. The saturation of these entropy bounds is in one-to-one correspondence with the non-perturbative saturation of unitarity by 2 → N particle scattering amplitudes at the point of optimal truncation. These bounds are more stringent than Bekenstein’s bound and in a consistent theory all three get saturated simultaneously. This is true for all known entropy-saturating objects such as solitons, instantons, baryons, oscillons, black holes or simply lumps of classical fields. We refer to these collectively as saturons and show that in renormalizable theories they behave in all other respects like black holes. Finally, it is argued that the confinement in SU(N) gauge theory can be understood as a direct consequence of the entropy bounds and unitarity.


(324)The Three Hundred project: the gas disruption of infalling objects in cluster environments
  • Robert Mostoghiu,
  • Jake Arthur,
  • Frazer R. Pearce,
  • Meghan Gray,
  • Alexander Knebe
  • +6
  • Weiguang Cui,
  • Charlotte Welker,
  • Sofía A. Cora,
  • Giuseppe Murante,
  • Klaus Dolag,
  • Gustavo Yepes
  • (less)
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (03/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/stab014
abstract + abstract -

We analyse the gas content evolution of infalling haloes in cluster environments from The Three Hundred project, a collection of 324 numerically modelled galaxy clusters. The haloes in our sample were selected within 5R200 of the main cluster halo at $z$ = 0 and have total halo mass M200 ≥ 1011h-1M. We track their main progenitors and study their gas evolution since their crossing into the infall region, which we define as 1-4R200. Studying the radial trends of our populations using both the full phase-space information and a line-of-sight projection, we confirm the Arthur et al. (2019) result and identify a characteristic radius around 1.7R200 in 3D and at R200 in projection at which infalling haloes lose nearly all of the gas prior their infall. Splitting the trends by subhalo status,we show that subhaloes residing in group-mass and low-mass host haloes in the infall region follow similar radial gas-loss trends as their hosts, whereas subhaloes of cluster-mass host haloes are stripped of their gas much further out. Our results show that infalling objects suffer significant gaseous disruption that correlates with time-since-infall, cluster-centric distance, and host mass, and that the gaseous disruption they experience is a combination of subhalo pre-processing and object gas depletion at a radius that behaves like an accretion shock.


(323)Wavelength Selection by Interrupted Coarsening in Reaction-Diffusion Systems
  • Fridtjof Brauns,
  • Henrik Weyer,
  • Jacob Halatek,
  • Junghoon Yoon,
  • Erwin Frey
Physical Review Letters (03/2021) doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.104101
abstract + abstract -

Wavelength selection in reaction-diffusion systems can be understood as a coarsening process that is interrupted by counteracting processes at certain wavelengths. We first show that coarsening in mass-conserving systems is driven by self-amplifying mass transport between neighboring high-density domains. We derive a general coarsening criterion and show that coarsening is generically uninterrupted in two-component systems that conserve mass. The theory is then generalized to study interrupted coarsening and anticoarsening due to weakly broken mass conservation, providing a general path to analyze wavelength selection in pattern formation far from equilibrium.


MIAPbP
(322)A homogeneous measurement of the delay between the onsets of gas stripping and star formation quenching in satellite galaxies of groups and clusters
  • Kyle A. Oman,
  • Yannick M. Bahé,
  • Julia Healy,
  • Kelley M. Hess,
  • Michael J. Hudson
  • +1
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (03/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3845
abstract + abstract -

We combine orbital information from N-body simulations with an analytic model for star formation quenching and SDSS observations to infer the differential effect of the group/cluster environment on star formation in satellite galaxies. We also consider a model for gas stripping, using the same input supplemented with H I fluxes from the ALFALFA survey. The models are motivated by and tested on the Hydrangea cosmological hydrodynamical simulation suite. We recover the characteristic times when satellite galaxies are stripped and quenched. Stripping in massive ($M_{\rm vir}\sim 10^{14.5}\, {\rm M}_\odot$) clusters typically occurs at or just before the first pericentric passage. Lower mass ($\sim 10^{13.5}\, {\rm M}_\odot$) groups strip their satellites on a significantly longer (by $\sim 3\, {\rm Gyr}$) time-scale. Quenching occurs later: Balmer emission lines typically fade $\sim 3.5\, {\rm Gyr}$ ($5.5\, {\rm Gyr}$) after first pericentre in clusters (groups), followed a few hundred Myr later by reddenning in (g - r) colour. These 'delay time-scales' are remarkably constant across the entire satellite stellar mass range probed (~109.5-$10^{11}\, {\rm M}_\odot$), a feature closely tied to our treatment of 'group pre-processing'. The lowest mass groups in our sample ($\sim 10^{12.5}\, {\rm M}_\odot$) strip and quench their satellites extremely inefficiently: typical time-scales may approach the age of the Universe. Our measurements are qualitatively consistent with the 'delayed-then-rapid' quenching scenario advocated for by several other studies, but we find significantly longer delay times. Our combination of a homogeneous analysis and input catalogues yields new insight into the sequence of events leading to quenching across wide intervals in host and satellite mass.


(321)Maintaining scientific discourse during a global pandemic: ESO's first e-conference #H02020
  • Richard I. Anderson,
  • Sherry H. Suyu,
  • Antoine Mérand
abstract + abstract -

From 22 to 26 June 2020, we hosted ESO's first live e-conference, #H02020, from within ESO headquarters in Garching, Germany. Every day, between 200 and 320 researchers around the globe tuned in to discuss the nature and implications of the discord between precise determinations of the Universe's expansion rate, H0. Originally planned as an in-person meeting, we moved to the virtual domain to maintain strong scientific discourse despite the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. Here, we describe our conference setup, participants feedback gathered before and after the meeting, and lessons learned from this unexpected exercise. As e-conferencing will become increasingly common in the future, we provide our perspective on how e-conferences can make scientific exchange more effective and inclusive, in addition to climate friendly.


RU-D
(320)Calibration of bias and scatter involved in cluster mass measurements using optical weak gravitational lensing
  • Sebastian Grandis,
  • Sebastian Bocquet,
  • Joseph J. Mohr,
  • Matthias Klein,
  • Klaus Dolag
Mon.Not.Roy.Astron.Soc. (03/2021) e-Print:2103.16212 doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2414
abstract + abstract -

Cosmological inference from cluster number counts is systematically limited by the accuracy of the mass calibration, i.e. the empirical determination of the mapping between cluster selection observables and halo mass. In this work we demonstrate a method to quantitatively determine the bias and uncertainties in weak-lensing (WL) mass calibration. To this end, we extract a library of projected matter density profiles from hydrodynamical simulations. Accounting for shear bias and noise, photometric redshift uncertainties, mis-centreing, cluster member contamination, cluster morphological diversity, and line-of-sight projections, we produce a library of shear profiles. Fitting a one-parameter model to these profiles, we extract the so-called WL mass M_WL. Relating the WL mass to the halo mass from gravity-only simulations with the same initial conditions as the hydrodynamical simulations allows us to estimate the impact of hydrodynamical effects on cluster number counts experiments. Creating new shear libraries for ∼1000 different realizations of the systematics provides a distribution of the parameters of the WL to halo mass relation, reflecting their systematic uncertainty. This result can be used as a prior for cosmological inference. We also discuss the impact of the inner fitting radius on the accuracy, and determine the outer fitting radius necessary to exclude the signal from neighbouring structures. Our method is currently being applied to different Stage III lensing surveys, and can easily be extended to Stage IV lensing surveys.


RU-D
(319)Unravelling stellar populations in the Andromeda Galaxy
  • Grzegorz Gajda,
  • Ortwin Gerhard,
  • Matías Blaña,
  • Ling Zhu,
  • Juntai Shen
  • +2
Astronomy and Astrophysics (03/2021) doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038381
abstract + abstract -

To understand the history and formation mechanisms of galaxies, it is crucial to determine their current multidimensional structure. In this work, we focus on the properties that characterise stellar populations, such as metallicity and [α/Fe] enhancement. We devised a new technique to recover the distribution of these parameters using spatially resolved, line-of-sight averaged data. Our chemodynamical method is based on the made-to-measure framework and results in an N-body model for the abundance distribution. Following a test on a mock data set we found that the radial and azimuthal profiles were well-recovered, however, only the overall shape of the vertical profile matches the true profile. We applied our procedure to spatially resolved maps of mean [Z/H] and [α/Fe] for the Andromeda Galaxy, using an earlier barred dynamical model of M 31. We find that the metallicity is enhanced along the bar, with a possible maxima at the ansae. In the edge-on view, the [Z/H] distribution has an X shape due to the boxy/peanut bulge; the average vertical metallicity gradient is equal to −0.133 ± 0.006 dex kpc−1. We identify a metallicity-enhanced ring around the bar, which also has relatively lower [α/Fe]. The highest [α/Fe] is found in the centre, due to the classical bulge. Away from the centre, the α-overabundance in the bar region increases with height, which could be an indication of a thick disc. We argue that the galaxy assembly resulted in a sharp peak of metallicity in the central few hundred parsecs and a more gentle negative gradient in the remaining disc, but no [α/Fe] gradient. The formation of the bar leads to the re-arrangement of the [Z/H] distribution, causing a flat gradient along the bar. Subsequent star formation close to the bar ends may have produced the metallicity enhancements at the ansae and the [Z/H] enhanced lower-α ring.


(318)RES-NOVA sensitivity to core-collapse and failed core-collapse supernova neutrinos
  • L. Pattavina,
  • N. Ferreiro Iachellini,
  • L. Pagnanini,
  • L. Canonica,
  • E. Celi
  • +16
  • M. Clemenza,
  • F. Ferroni,
  • E. Fiorini,
  • A. Garai,
  • L. Gironi,
  • M. Mancuso,
  • S. Nisi,
  • F. Petricca,
  • S. Pirro,
  • S. Pozzi,
  • A. Puiu,
  • J. Rothe,
  • S. Schoenert,
  • L. Shtembari,
  • R. Strauss,
  • V. Wagner
  • (less)
abstract + abstract -

RES-NOVA is a new proposed experiment for the investigation of astrophysical neutrino sources with archaeological Pb-based cryogenic detectors. RES-NOVA will exploit Coherent Elastic neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CEνNS) as detection channel, thus it will be equally sensitive to all neutrino flavors produced by Supernovae (SNe). RES-NOVA with only a total active volume of (60 cm)3 and an energy threshold of 1 keV will probe the entire Milky Way Galaxy for (failed) core-collapse SNe with > 3 σ detection significance. The high detector modularity makes RES-NOVA ideal also for reconstructing the main parameters (e.g. average neutrino energy, star binding energy) of SNe occurring in our vicinity, without deterioration of the detector performance caused by the high neutrino interaction rate. For the first time, distances <3 kpc can be surveyed, similarly to the ones where all known past galactic SNe happened. We discuss the RES-NOVA potential, accounting for a realistic setup, considering the detector geometry, modularity and background level in the region of interest. We report on the RES-NOVA background model and on the sensitivity to SN neutrinos as a function of the distance travelled by neutrinos.


(317)First constraints on the AGN X-ray luminosity function at z 6 from an eROSITA-detected quasar
  • J. Wolf,
  • K. Nandra,
  • M. Salvato,
  • T. Liu,
  • J. Buchner
  • +17
  • M. Brusa,
  • D. N. Hoang,
  • V. Moss,
  • R. Arcodia,
  • M. Brüggen,
  • J. Comparat,
  • F. de Gasperin,
  • A. Georgakakis,
  • A. Hotan,
  • G. Lamer,
  • A. Merloni,
  • A. Rau,
  • H. J. A. Rottgering,
  • T. W. Shimwell,
  • T. Urrutia,
  • M. Whiting,
  • W. L. Williams
  • (less)
Astronomy and Astrophysics (03/2021) doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039724
abstract + abstract -

Context. High-redshift quasars signpost the early accretion history of the Universe. The penetrating nature of X-rays enables a less absorption-biased census of the population of these luminous and persistent sources compared to optical/near-infrared colour selection. The ongoing SRG/eROSITA X-ray all-sky survey offers a unique opportunity to uncover the bright end of the high-z quasar population and probe new regions of colour parameter space.
Aims: We searched for high-z quasars within the X-ray source population detected in the contiguous ~140 deg2 field observed by eROSITA during the performance verification phase. With the purpose of demonstrating the unique survey science capabilities of eROSITA, this field was observed at the depth of the final all-sky survey. The blind X-ray selection of high-redshift sources in a large contiguous, near-uniform survey with a well-understood selection function can be directly translated into constraints on the X-ray luminosity function (XLF), which encodes the luminosity-dependent evolution of accretion through cosmic time.
Methods: We collected the available spectroscopic information in the eFEDS field, including the sample of all currently known optically selected z > 5.5 quasars and cross-matched secure Legacy DR8 counterparts of eROSITA-detected X-ray point-like sources with this spectroscopic sample.
Results: We report the X-ray detection of eFEDSU J083644.0+005459, an eROSITA source securely matched to the well-known quasar SDSS J083643.85+005453.3 (z = 5.81). The soft X-ray flux of the source derived from eROSITA is consistent with previous Chandra observations. The detection of SDSS J083643.85+005453.3 allows us to place the first constraints on the XLF at z > 5.5 based on a secure spectroscopic redshift. Compared to extrapolations from lower-redshift observations, this favours a relatively flat slope for the XLF at z ~ 6 beyond L*, the knee in the luminosity function. In addition, we report the detection of the quasar with LOFAR at 145 MHz and ASKAP at 888 MHz. The reported flux densities confirm a spectral flattening at lower frequencies in the emission of the radio core, indicating that SDSS J083643.85+005453.3 could be a (sub-) gigahertz peaked spectrum source. The inferred spectral shape and the parsec-scale radio morphology of SDSS J083643.85+005453.3 indicate that it is in an early stage of its evolution into a large-scale radio source or confined in a dense environment. We find no indications for a strong jet contribution to the X-ray emission of the quasar, which is therefore likely to be linked to accretion processes.
Conclusions: Our results indicate that the population of X-ray luminous AGNs at high redshift may be larger than previously thought. From our XLF constraints, we make the conservative prediction that eROSITA will detect ~90 X-ray luminous AGNs at redshifts 5.7 < z < 6.4 in the full-sky survey (De+RU). While subject to different jet physics, both high-redshift quasars detected by eROSITA so far are radio-loud; a hint at the great potential of combined X-ray and radio surveys for the search of luminous high-redshift quasars.


MIAPbP
(316)A double copy for asymptotic symmetries in the self-dual sector
  • Miguel Campiglia,
  • Silvia Nagy
Journal of High Energy Physics (03/2021) doi:10.1007/JHEP03(2021)262
abstract + abstract -

We give a double copy construction for the symmetries of the self-dual sectors of Yang-Mills (YM) and gravity, in the light-cone formulation. We find an infinite set of double copy constructible symmetries. We focus on two families which correspond to the residual diffeomorphisms on the gravitational side. For the first one, we find novel non-perturbative double copy rules in the bulk. The second family has a more striking structure, as a non-perturbative gravitational symmetry is obtained from a perturbatively defined symmetry on the YM side.At null infinity, we find the YM origin of the subset of extended Bondi-Metzner-Sachs (BMS) symmetries that preserve the self-duality condition. In particular, holomorphic large gauge YM symmetries are double copied to holomorphic supertranslations. We also identify the single copy of superrotations with certain non-gauge YM transformations that to our knowledge have not been previously presented in the literature.


(315)Intermediate mass black hole formation in compact young massive star clusters
  • Francesco Paolo Rizzuto,
  • Thorsten Naab,
  • Rainer Spurzem,
  • Mirek Giersz,
  • J. P. Ostriker
  • +4
  • N. C. Stone,
  • Long Wang,
  • Peter Berczik,
  • M. Rampp
  • (less)
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (03/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3634
abstract + abstract -

Young dense massive star clusters are promising environments for the formation of intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs) through collisions. We present a set of 80 simulations carried out with NBODY6++GPU of 10 models of compact $\sim 7 \times 10^4 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ star clusters with half-mass radii Rh ≲ 1 pc, central densities $\rho _\mathrm{core} \gtrsim 10^5 \, \mathrm{M}_\odot \, \mathrm{pc}^{-3}$ , and resolved stellar populations with 10 per cent primordial binaries. Very massive stars (VMSs) up to $\sim 400 \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ grow rapidly by binary exchange and three-body scattering with stars in hard binaries. Assuming that in VMS-stellar black hole (BH) collisions all stellar material is accreted on to the BH, IMBHs with masses up to $M_\mathrm{BH} \sim 350 \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ can form on time-scales of ≲15 Myr, as qualitatively predicted from Monte Carlo MOCCA simulations. One model forms an IMBH of 140 $\mathrm{M_{\odot }}$ by three BH mergers with masses of 17:28, 25:45, and 68:70 $\mathrm{M_{\odot }}$ within ∼90 Myr. Despite the stochastic nature of the process, formation efficiencies are higher in more compact clusters. Lower accretion fractions of 0.5 also result in IMBH formation. The process might fail for values as low as 0.1. The IMBHs can merge with stellar mass BHs in intermediate mass ratio inspiral events on a 100 Myr time-scale. With 105 stars, 10 per cent binaries, stellar evolution, all relevant dynamical processes, and 300 Myr simulation time, our large suite of 80 simulations indicate another rapid IMBH formation channel in young and compact massive star clusters.


(314)Feedback-limited accretion: variable luminosity from growing planets
  • M. Gárate,
  • J. Cuadra,
  • M. Montesinos,
  • P. Arévalo
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (03/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3860
abstract + abstract -

Planets form in discs of gas and dust around stars, and continue to grow by accretion of disc material while available. Massive planets clear a gap in their protoplanetary disc, but can still accrete gas through a circumplanetary disc. For high enough accretion rates, the planet should be detectable at infrared wavelengths. As the energy of the gas accreted on to the planet is released, the planet surroundings heat up in a feedback process. We aim to test how this planet feedback affects the gas in the coorbital region and the accretion rate itself. We modified the 2D code FARGO-AD to include a prescription for the accretion and feedback luminosity of the planet and use it to model giant planets on 10 au circular and eccentric orbits around a solar mass star. We find that this feedback reduces but does not halt the accretion on to the planet, although this result might depend on the near-coincident radial ranges where both recipes are implemented. Our simulations also show that the planet heating gives the accretion rate a stochastic variability with an amplitude $\Delta \dot{M}_p \sim 0.1 \dot{M}_p$ . A planet on an eccentric orbit (e = 0.1) presents a similar variability amplitude, but concentrated on a well-defined periodicity of half the orbital period and weaker broad-band noise, potentially allowing observations to discriminate between both cases. Finally, we find that the heating of the co-orbital region by the planet feedback alters the gas dynamics, reducing the difference between its orbital velocity and the Keplerian motion at the edge of the gap, which can have important consequences for the formation of dust rings.


(313)Fast neutrino flavor conversions in one-dimensional core-collapse supernova models with and without muon creation
  • Francesco Capozzi,
  • Sajad Abbar,
  • Robert Bollig,
  • H. -Thomas Janka
Physical Review D (03/2021) doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.103.063013
abstract + abstract -

In very dense environments, neutrinos can undergo fast flavor conversions on scales as short as a few centimeters provided that the angular distribution of the neutrino lepton number crosses zero. This work presents the first attempt to establish whether the non-negligible abundance of muons and their interactions with neutrinos in the core of supernovae can affect the occurrence of such crossings. For this purpose we employ state-of-the-art one-dimensional core-collapse supernova simulations, considering models that include muon-neutrino interactions as well as models without these reactions. Although a consistent treatment of muons in the equation of state and neutrino transport does not seem to modify significantly the conditions for the occurrence of fast modes, it allows for the existence of an interesting phenomenon, namely fast instabilities in the μ -τ sector. We also show that crossings below the supernova shock are a relatively generic feature of the one-dimensional simulations under investigation, which contrasts with the previous reports in the literature. Our results highlight the importance of multidimensional simulations with muon creation, where our results must be tested in the future.


(312)A new distance to the Brick, the dense molecular cloud G0.253+0.016
  • M. Zoccali,
  • E. Valenti,
  • F. Surot,
  • O. A. Gonzalez,
  • A. Renzini
  • +1
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (03/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/stab089
abstract + abstract -

We analyse the near-infrared colour-magnitude diagram of a field including the giant molecular cloud G0.253+0.016 (a.k.a. The Brick) observed at high spatial resolution, with HAWK-I@VLT. The distribution of red clump stars in a line of sight crossing the cloud, compared with that in a direction just beside it, and not crossing it, allow us to measure the distance of the cloud from the Sun to be 7.20, with a statistical uncertainty of ±0.16 and a systematic error of ±0.20 kpc. This is significantly closer than what is generally assumed, i.e. that the cloud belongs to the near side of the central molecular zone, at 60 pc from the Galactic centre. This assumption was based on dynamical models of the central molecular zone, observationally constrained uniquely by the radial velocity of this and other clouds. Determining the true position of the Brick cloud is relevant because this is the densest cloud of the Galaxy not showing any ongoing star formation. This puts the cloud off by one order of magnitude from the Kennicutt-Schmidt relation between the density of the dense gas and the star formation rate. Several explanations have been proposed for this absence of star formation, most of them based on the dynamical evolution of this and other clouds, within the Galactic centre region. Our result emphasizes the need to include constraints coming from stellar observations in the interpretation of our Galaxy's central molecular zone.


MIAPbP
(311)Decays of an exotic 1<SUP>-+</SUP> hybrid meson resonance in QCD
  • Antoni J. Woss,
  • Jozef J. Dudek,
  • Robert G. Edwards,
  • Christopher E. Thomas,
  • David J. Wilson
  • +1
Physical Review D (03/2021) doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.103.054502
abstract + abstract -

We present the first determination of the hadronic decays of the lightest exotic JP C=1-+ resonance in lattice QCD. Working with SU(3) flavor symmetry, where the up, down and strange-quark masses approximately match the physical strange-quark mass giving mπ∼700 MeV , we compute finite-volume spectra on six lattice volumes which constrain a scattering system featuring eight coupled channels. Analytically continuing the scattering amplitudes into the complex-energy plane, we find a pole singularity corresponding to a narrow resonance which shows relatively weak coupling to the open pseudoscalar-pseudoscalar, vector-pseudoscalar and vector-vector decay channels, but large couplings to at least one kinematically closed axial-vector-pseudoscalar channel. Attempting a simple extrapolation of the couplings to physical light-quark mass suggests a broad π1 resonance decaying dominantly through the b1π mode with much smaller decays into f1π , ρ π , ηπ and η π . A large total width is potentially in agreement with the experimental π1(1564 ) candidate state observed in η π , ηπ , which we suggest may be heavily suppressed decay channels.


RU-C
(310)The Thermal and Gravitational Energy Densities in the Large-scale Structure of the Universe
  • Yi-Kuan Chiang,
  • Ryu Makiya,
  • Eiichiro Komatsu,
  • Brice Ménard
The Astrophysical Journal (03/2021) doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abe387
abstract + abstract -

As cosmic structures form, matter density fluctuations collapse gravitationally and baryonic matter is shock-heated and thermalized. We therefore expect a connection between the mean gravitational potential energy density of collapsed halos, ${{\rm{\Omega }}}_{W}^{\mathrm{halo}}$ , and the mean thermal energy density of baryons, Ωth. These quantities can be obtained using two fundamentally different estimates: we compute ${{\rm{\Omega }}}_{W}^{\mathrm{halo}}$ using the theoretical framework of the halo model, which is driven by dark matter statistics, and measure Ωth using the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect, which probes the mean thermal pressure of baryons. First, we derive that, at the present time, about 90% of ${{\rm{\Omega }}}_{W}^{\mathrm{halo}}$ originates from massive halos with M > 1013 M. Then, using our measurements of the SZ background, we find that Ωth accounts for about 80% of the kinetic energy of the baryons available for pressure in halos at z ≲ 0.5. This constrains the amount of nonthermal pressure, e.g., due to bulk and turbulent gas motion sourced by mass accretion, to be about Ωnon-th ≃ 0.4 × 10-8 at z = 0.


(309)Diffusive coupling of two well-mixed compartments elucidates elementary principles of protein-based pattern formation
  • Fridtjof Brauns,
  • Jacob Halatek,
  • Erwin Frey
Physical Review Research (03/2021) doi:10.1103/PhysRevResearch.3.013258
abstract + abstract -

Spatial organization of proteins in cells is important for many biological functions. In general, the nonlinear, spatially coupled models for protein-pattern formation are only accessible to numerical simulations, which has limited insight into the general underlying principles. To overcome this limitation, we adopt the setting of two diffusively coupled, well-mixed compartments that represents the elementary feature of any pattern—an interface. For intracellular systems, the total numbers of proteins are conserved on the relevant timescale of pattern formation. Thus the essential dynamics is the redistribution of the globally conserved mass densities between the two compartments. We present a phase-portrait analysis in the phase-space of the redistributed masses that provides insights on the physical mechanisms underlying pattern formation. We demonstrate this approach for several paradigmatic model systems. In particular, we show that the pole-to-pole Min oscillations in Escherichia coli are relaxation oscillations of the MinD polarity orientation. This reveals a close relation between cell polarity oscillatory patterns in cells. Critically, our findings suggest that the design principles of intracellular pattern formation are found in characteristic features in these phase portraits (nullclines and fixed points). These features are not uniquely determined by the topology of the protein-interaction network but depend on parameters (kinetic rates, diffusion constants) and distinct networks can give rise to equivalent phase portrait features.


CN-7
RU-A
(308)Stellar Collapse Diversity and the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background
  • Daniel Kresse,
  • Thomas Ertl,
  • Hans-Thomas Janka
The Astrophysical Journal (03/2021) doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abd54e
abstract + abstract -

The diffuse cosmic supernova neutrino background (DSNB) is an observational target of the gadolinium-loaded Super-Kamiokande (SK) detector and the forthcoming JUNO and Hyper-Kamiokande detectors. Current predictions are hampered by our still incomplete understanding of the supernova (SN) explosion mechanism and of the neutron star (NS) equation of state and maximum mass. In our comprehensive study we revisit this problem on grounds of the landscapes of successful and failed SN explosions obtained by Sukhbold et al. and Ertl et al. with parameterized one-dimensional neutrino engines for large sets of single-star and helium-star progenitors, with the latter serving as a proxy for binary evolution effects. Besides considering engines of different strengths, leading to different fractions of failed SNe with black hole (BH) formation, we also vary the NS mass limit and the spectral shape of the neutrino emission and include contributions from poorly understood alternative NS formation channels, such as accretion-induced and merger-induced collapse events. Since the neutrino signals of our large model sets are approximate, we calibrate the associated degrees of freedom by using state-of-the-art simulations of proto-NS cooling. Our predictions are higher than other recent ones because of a large fraction of failed SNe with long delay to BH formation. Our best-guess model predicts a DSNB ${\bar{\nu }}_{{\rm{e}}}$ <!-- --> -flux of ${28.8}_{-10.9}^{+24.6}$ <!-- --> cm-2 s-1 with ${6.0}_{-2.1}^{+5.1}$ <!-- --> cm-2 s-1 in the favorable measurement interval of [10, 30] MeV and ${1.3}_{-0.4}^{+1.1}$ <!-- --> cm-2 s-1 with ${\bar{\nu }}_{{\rm{e}}}$ <!-- --> energies > 17.3 MeV, which is roughly a factor of two below the current SK limit. The uncertainty range is dominated by the still insufficiently constrained cosmic rate of stellar core-collapse events.


CN-5
(307)LYRA - I. Simulating the multiphase ISM of a dwarf galaxy with variable energy supernovae from individual stars
  • Thales A. Gutcke,
  • Rüdiger Pakmor,
  • Thorsten Naab,
  • Volker Springel
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (03/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3875
abstract + abstract -

We introduce the LYRA project, a new high-resolution galaxy formation model built within the framework of the cosmological hydrodynamical moving mesh code AREPO. The model resolves the multiphase interstellar medium (ISM) down to 10 K. It forms individual stars sampled from the initial mass function (IMF), and tracks their lifetimes and death pathways individually. Single supernova (SN) blast waves with variable energy are followed within the hydrodynamic calculation to interact with the surrounding ISM. In this paper, we present the methods and apply the model to a $10^{10}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ isolated halo. We demonstrate that the majority of SNe are Sedov resolved at our fiducial gas mass resolution of $4\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ . We show that our SN feedback prescription self-consistently produces a hot phase within the ISM that drives significant outflows, reduces the gas density, and suppresses star formation. Clustered SNe play a major role in enhancing the effectiveness of feedback, because the majority of explosions occur in low-density material. Accounting for variable SN energy allows the feedback to respond directly to stellar evolution. We show that the ISM is sensitive to the spatially distributed energy deposition. It strongly affects the outflow behaviour, reducing the mass loading by a factor of 2-3, thus allowing the galaxy to retain a higher fraction of mass and metals. LYRA makes it possible to use a comprehensive multiphysics ISM model directly in cosmological (zoom) simulations of dwarf and higher mass galaxies.


RU-D
(306)How dust fragmentation may be beneficial to planetary growth by pebble accretion
  • J. Drążkowska,
  • S. M. Stammler,
  • T. Birnstiel
Astronomy and Astrophysics (03/2021) doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039925
abstract + abstract -

Context. Pebble accretion is an emerging paradigm for the fast growth of planetary cores. Pebble flux and pebble sizes are the key parameters used in the pebble accretion models.
Aims: We aim to derive the pebble sizes and fluxes from state-of-the-art dust coagulation models and to understand their dependence on disk parameters and the fragmentation threshold velocity, and the impact of those on planetary growth by pebble accretion.
Methods: We used a 1D dust evolution model including dust growth and fragmentation to calculate realistic pebble sizes and mass flux. We used this information to integrate the growth of planetary embryos placed at various locations in the protoplanetary disk.
Results: Pebble flux strongly depends on disk properties including size and turbulence level, as well as the dust aggregates' fragmentation threshold. We find that dust fragmentation may be beneficial to planetary growth in multiple ways. First of all, it prevents the solids from growing to very large sizes, at which point the efficiency of pebble accretion drops. What is more, small pebbles are depleted at a lower rate, providing a long-lasting pebble flux. As the full coagulation models are computationally expensive, we provide a simple method of estimating pebble sizes and flux in any protoplanetary disk model without substructure and with any fragmentation threshold velocity.


(305)Cosmological bubble friction in local equilibrium
  • Shyam Balaji,
  • Michael Spannowsky,
  • Carlos Tamarit
Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (03/2021) doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2021/03/051
abstract + abstract -

In first-order cosmological phase transitions, the asymptotic velocity of expanding bubbles is of crucial relevance for predicting observables like the spectrum of stochastic gravitational waves, or for establishing the viability of mechanisms explaining fundamental properties of the universe such as the observed baryon asymmetry. In these dynamic phase transitions, it is generally accepted that subluminal bubble expansion requires out-of-equilibrium interactions with the plasma which are captured by friction terms in the equations of motion for the scalar field. This has been disputed in works pointing out subluminal velocities in local equilibrium arising either from hydrodynamic effects in deflagrations or from the entropy change across the bubble wall in general situations. We argue that both effects are related and can be understood from the conservation of the entropy of the degrees of freedom in local equilibrium, leading to subluminal speeds for both deflagrations and detonations. The friction effect arises from the background field dependence of the entropy density in the plasma, and can be accounted for by simply imposing local conservation of stress-energy and including field dependent thermal contributions to the effective potential. We illustrate this with explicit calculations of dynamic and static bubbles for a first-order electroweak transition in a Standard Model extension with additional scalar fields.


(304)Gravitational waves as a big bang thermometer
  • Andreas Ringwald,
  • Jan Schütte-Engel,
  • Carlos Tamarit
Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (03/2021) doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2021/03/054
abstract + abstract -

There is a guaranteed background of stochastic gravitational waves produced in the thermal plasma in the early universe. Its energy density per logarithmic frequency interval scales with the maximum temperature Tmax which the primordial plasma attained at the beginning of the standard hot big bang era. It peaks in the microwave range, at around 80 GHz [106.75/g*s(Tmax)]1/3, where g*s(Tmax) is the effective number of entropy degrees of freedom in the primordial plasma at Tmax. We present a state-of-the-art prediction of this Cosmic Gravitational Microwave Background (CGMB) for general models, and carry out calculations for the case of the Standard Model (SM) as well as for several of its extensions. On the side of minimal extensions we consider the Neutrino Minimal SM (νMSM) and the SM-Axion-Seesaw-Higgs portal inflation model (SMASH), which provide a complete and consistent cosmological history including inflation. As an example of a non-minimal extension of the SM we consider the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). Furthermore, we discuss the current upper limits and the prospects to detect the CGMB in laboratory experiments and thus measure the maximum temperature and the effective number of degrees of freedom at the beginning of the hot big bang.


RU-D
(303)Dynamical Stellar Masses of Pre-main-sequence Stars in Lupus and Taurus Obtained with ALMA Surveys in Comparison with Stellar Evolutionary Models
  • Teresa A. M. Braun,
  • Hsi-Wei Yen,
  • Patrick M. Koch,
  • Carlo F. Manara,
  • Anna Miotello
  • +1
The Astrophysical Journal (02/2021) doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abd24f
abstract + abstract -

We analyzed archival molecular line data of pre-main-sequence (PMS) stars in the Lupus and Taurus star-forming regions obtained with ALMA surveys with an integration time of a few minutes per source. We stacked the data of 13CO and C18O (J = 2-1 and 3-2) and CN (N = 3-2, J = 7/2-5/2) lines to enhance the signal-to-noise ratios and measured the stellar masses of 45 out of 67 PMS stars from the Keplerian rotation in their circumstellar disks. The measured dynamical stellar masses were compared to the stellar masses estimated from the spectroscopic measurements with seven different stellar evolutionary models. We found that the magnetic model of Feiden provides the best estimate of the stellar masses in the mass range of 0.6 M ≤ M ≤ 1.3 M with a deviation of <0.7σ from the dynamical masses, while all the other models underestimate the stellar masses in this mass range by 20%-40%. In the mass range of <0.6 M, the stellar masses estimated with the magnetic model of Feiden have a larger deviation (>2σ) from the dynamical masses, and other, nonmagnetic stellar evolutionary models of Siess et al., Baraffe et al., and Feiden show better agreement with the dynamical masses with the deviations of 1.4σ-1.6σ. Our results show the mass dependence of the accuracy of these stellar evolutionary models.


(302)No Evidence for Orbital Clustering in the Extreme Trans-Neptunian Objects
  • K.J. Napier,
  • D.W. Gerdes,
  • Hsing Wen Lin,
  • S.J. Hamilton,
  • G.M. Bernstein
  • +48
  • P.H. Bernardinelli,
  • T.M.C. Abbott,
  • M. Aguena,
  • J. Annis,
  • S. Avila,
  • D. Bacon,
  • E. Bertin,
  • D. Brooks,
  • D.L. Burke,
  • A. Carnero Rosell,
  • M. Carrasco Kind,
  • J. Carretero,
  • M. Costanzi,
  • L.N. da Costa,
  • J. De Vicente,
  • H.T. Diehl,
  • P. Doel,
  • S. Everett,
  • I. Ferrero,
  • P. Fosalba,
  • J. García-Bellido,
  • D. Gruen,
  • R.A. Gruendl,
  • G. Gutierrez,
  • D.L. Hollowood,
  • K. Honscheid,
  • B. Hoyle,
  • D.J. James,
  • S. Kent,
  • K. Kuehn,
  • N. Kuropatkin,
  • M.A.G. Maia,
  • F. Menanteau,
  • R. Miquel,
  • R. Morgan,
  • A. Palmese,
  • F. Paz-Chinchón,
  • A.A. Plazas,
  • E. Sanchez,
  • V. Scarpine,
  • S. Serrano,
  • I. Sevilla-Noarbe,
  • M. Smith,
  • E. Suchyta,
  • M.E.C. Swanson,
  • C. To,
  • A.R. Walker,
  • R.D. Wilkinson
  • (less)
(02/2021) e-Print:2102.05601
abstract + abstract -

The apparent clustering in longitude of perihelion $\varpi$ and ascending node $\Omega$ of extreme trans-Neptunian objects (ETNOs) has been attributed to the gravitational effects of an unseen 5-10 Earth-mass planet in the outer solar system. To investigate how selection bias may contribute to this clustering, we consider 14 ETNOs discovered by the Dark Energy Survey, the Outer Solar System Origins Survey, and the survey of Sheppard and Trujillo. Using each survey's published pointing history, depth, and TNO tracking selections, we calculate the joint probability that these objects are consistent with an underlying parent population with uniform distributions in $\varpi$ and $\Omega$. We find that the mean scaled longitude of perihelion and orbital poles of the detected ETNOs are consistent with a uniform population at a level between $17\%$ and $94\%$, and thus conclude that this sample provides no evidence for angular clustering.


(301)CMB/kSZ and Compton-y Maps from 2500 deg$^{2}$ of SPT-SZ and Planck Survey Data
  • L.E. Bleem,
  • T.M. Crawford,
  • B. Ansarinejad,
  • B.A. Benson,
  • S. Bocquet
  • +35
  • J.E. Carlstrom,
  • C.L. Chang,
  • R. Chown,
  • A.T. Crites,
  • T. de Haan,
  • M.A. Dobbs,
  • W.B. Everett,
  • E.M. George,
  • R. Gualtieri,
  • N.W. Halverson,
  • G.P. Holder,
  • W.L. Holzapfel,
  • J.D. Hrubes,
  • L. Knox,
  • A.T. Lee,
  • D. Luong-Van,
  • D.P. Marrone,
  • J.J. McMahon,
  • S.S. Meyer,
  • M. Millea,
  • L.M. Mocanu,
  • J.J. Mohr,
  • T. Natoli,
  • Y. Omori,
  • S. Padin,
  • C. Pryke,
  • S. Raghunathan,
  • C.L. Reichardt,
  • J.E. Ruhl,
  • K.K. Schaffer,
  • E. Shirokoff,
  • Z. Staniszewski,
  • A.A. Stark,
  • J.D. Vieira,
  • R. Williamson
  • (less)
Astrophys.J.Supp. (02/2021) e-Print:2102.05033 doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac35e9
abstract + abstract -

We present component-separated maps of the primary cosmic microwave background/kinematic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) amplitude and the thermal SZ Compton-y parameter, created using data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT) and the Planck satellite. These maps, which cover the ∼2500 deg$^{2}$ of the southern sky imaged by the SPT-SZ survey, represent a significant improvement over previous such products available in this region by virtue of their higher angular resolution ( for our highest-resolution Compton-y maps) and lower noise at small angular scales. In this work we detail the construction of these maps using linear combination techniques, including our method for limiting the correlation of our lowest-noise Compton-y map products with the cosmic infrared background. We perform a range of validation tests on these data products to test our sky modeling and combination algorithms, and we find good performance in all of these tests. Recognizing the potential utility of these data products for a wide range of astrophysical and cosmological analyses, including studies of the gas properties of galaxies, groups, and clusters, we make these products publicly available at pole.uchicago.edu/public/data/sptsz_ymap and on the NASA/LAMBDA website.


MIAPbP
(300)Dislocations under gradient flow and their effect on the renormalized coupling
  • Anna Hasenfratz,
  • Oliver Witzel
Physical Review D (02/2021) doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.103.034505
abstract + abstract -

Nonzero topological charge is prohibited in the chiral limit of continuum gauge-fermion systems because any unpaired instanton would create a zero mode of the Dirac operator. On the lattice, however, the geometric Qgeom=⟨F F ∼ ⟩/32 π2 definition of the topological charge does not necessarily vanish in the chiral limit even when the gauge fields are smoothed for example with gradient flow. Small vacuum fluctuations (dislocations) not seen by the fermions may be promoted to instantonlike objects by the gradient flow. We demonstrate that these artifacts of the flow cause the gradient flow renormalized gauge coupling to increase and appear to run faster. In step-scaling studies such strong coupling artifacts contribute a term that might not follow perturbative scaling. The usual a /L →0 continuum limit extrapolations can hence lead to incorrect results. In this paper we investigate these topological lattice artifacts in the massless SU(3) 10-flavor system with domain wall fermions and the massless 8-flavor system with staggered fermions. For both systems we observe that in the range of strong coupling Symanzik gradient flow exhibits more lattice artifacts compared to Wilson gradient flow. We demonstrate how this artifact impacts the determination of the renormalized gauge coupling and the step-scaling β function.


CN-7
(299)Symmetry energy investigation with pion production from Sn+Sn systems
  • G. Jhang,
  • J. Estee,
  • J. Barney,
  • G. Cerizza,
  • M. Kaneko
  • +76
  • J. W. Lee,
  • W. G. Lynch,
  • T. Isobe,
  • M. Kurata-Nishimura,
  • T. Murakami,
  • C. Y. Tsang,
  • M. B. Tsang,
  • R. Wang,
  • D. S. Ahn,
  • L. Atar,
  • T. Aumann,
  • H. Baba,
  • K. Boretzky,
  • J. Brzychczyk,
  • N. Chiga,
  • N. Fukuda,
  • I. Gasparic,
  • B. Hong,
  • A. Horvat,
  • K. Ieki,
  • N. Inabe,
  • Y. J. Kim,
  • T. Kobayashi,
  • Y. Kondo,
  • P. Lasko,
  • H. S. Lee,
  • Y. Leifels,
  • J. Łukasik,
  • J. Manfredi,
  • A. B. McIntosh,
  • P. Morfouace,
  • T. Nakamura,
  • N. Nakatsuka,
  • S. Nishimura,
  • R. Olsen,
  • H. Otsu,
  • P. Pawłowski,
  • K. Pelczar,
  • D. Rossi,
  • H. Sakurai,
  • C. Santamaria,
  • H. Sato,
  • H. Scheit,
  • R. Shane,
  • Y. Shimizu,
  • H. Simon,
  • A. Snoch,
  • A. Sochocka,
  • Z. Sosin,
  • T. Sumikama,
  • H. Suzuki,
  • D. Suzuki,
  • H. Takeda,
  • S. Tangwancharoen,
  • H. Toernqvist,
  • Y. Togano,
  • Z. G. Xiao,
  • S. J. Yennello,
  • J. Yurkon,
  • Y. Zhang,
  • Maria Colonna,
  • Dan Cozma,
  • Paweł Danielewicz,
  • Hannah Elfner,
  • Natsumi Ikeno,
  • Che Ming Ko,
  • Justin Mohs,
  • Dmytro Oliinychenko,
  • Akira Ono,
  • Jun Su,
  • Yong Jia Wang,
  • Hermann Wolter,
  • Jun Xu,
  • Ying-Xun Zhang,
  • Zhen Zhang,
  • the SπRIT Collaboration
  • (less)
Physics Letters B (02/2021) doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2020.136016
abstract + abstract -

In the past two decades, pions created in the high density regions of heavy ion collisions have been predicted to be sensitive at high densities to the symmetry energy term in the nuclear equation of state, a property that is key to our understanding of neutron stars. In a new experiment designed to study the symmetry energy, the multiplicities of negatively and positively charged pions have been measured with high accuracy for central 132Sn+124Sn, 112Sn+124Sn, and 108Sn+112Sn collisions at E / A = 270 MeV with the SπRIT Time Projection Chamber. While individual pion multiplicities are measured to 4% accuracy, those of the charged pion multiplicity ratios are measured to 2% accuracy. We compare these data to predictions from seven major transport models. The calculations reproduce qualitatively the dependence of the multiplicities and their ratios on the total neutron and proton number in the colliding systems. However, the predictions of the transport models from different codes differ too much to allow extraction of reliable constraints on the symmetry energy from the data. This finding may explain previous contradictory conclusions on symmetry energy constraints obtained from pion data in Au+Au system. These new results call for still better understanding of the differences among transport codes, and new observables that are more sensitive to the density dependence of the symmetry energy.


MIAPbP
(298)Primordial gravitational waves in a minimal model of particle physics and cosmology
  • Andreas Ringwald,
  • Ken'ichi Saikawa,
  • Carlos Tamarit
Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (02/2021) doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2021/02/046
abstract + abstract -

In this paper we analyze the spectrum of the primordial gravitational waves (GWs) predicted in the Standard Model*Axion*Seesaw*Higgs portal inflation (SMASH) model, which was proposed as a minimal extension of the Standard Model that addresses five fundamental problems of particle physics and cosmology (inflation, baryon asymmetry, neutrino masses, strong CP problem, and dark matter) in one stroke. The SMASH model has a unique prediction for the critical temperature of the second order Peccei-Quinn (PQ) phase transition Tc ~ 108 GeV up to the uncertainty in the calculation of the axion dark matter abundance, implying that there is a drastic change in the equation of state of the universe at that temperature. Such an event is imprinted on the spectrum of GWs originating from the primordial tensor fluctuations during inflation and entering the horizon at T ~ Tc, which corresponds to f ~ 1 Hz, pointing to a best frequency range covered by future space-borne GW interferometers. We give a precise estimation of the effective relativistic degrees of freedom across the PQ phase transition and use it to evaluate the spectrum of GWs observed today. It is shown that the future high sensitivity GW experiment—ultimate DECIGO—can probe the nontrivial feature resulting from the PQ phase transition in this model.


CN-4
RU-C
(297)Volume statistics as a probe of large-scale structure
  • Kwan Chuen Chan,
  • Nico Hamaus
Physical Review D (02/2021) doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.103.043502
abstract + abstract -

We investigate the application of volume statistics to probe the distribution of underdense regions in the large-scale structure of the Universe. This statistic measures the distortion of Eulerian volume elements relative to Lagrangian ones and can be built from tracer particles using tessellation methods. We apply Voronoi and Delaunay tessellation to study the clustering properties of density and volume statistics. Their level of shot-noise contamination is similar, as both methods take into account all available tracer particles in the field estimator. The tessellation causes a smoothing effect in the power spectrum, which can be approximated by a constant window function on large scales. The clustering bias of the volume statistic with respect to the dark matter density field is determined and found to be negative. We further identify the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) feature in the volume statistic. Apart from being smoothed out on small scales, the BAO is present in the volume power spectrum as well, without any systematic bias. These observations suggest that the exploitation of volume statistics as a complementary probe of cosmology is very promising.


(296)HOLISMOKES. III. Achromatic phase of strongly lensed Type Ia supernovae
  • S. Huber,
  • S. H. Suyu,
  • U. M. Noebauer,
  • J. H. H. Chan,
  • M. Kromer
  • +3
  • S. A. Sim,
  • D. Sluse,
  • S. Taubenberger
  • (less)
Astronomy and Astrophysics (02/2021) doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039218
abstract + abstract -

To use strongly lensed Type Ia supernovae (LSNe Ia) for cosmology, a time-delay measurement between the multiple supernova (SN) images is necessary. The sharp rise and decline of SN Ia light curves make them promising for measuring time delays, but microlensing can distort these light curves and therefore add large uncertainties to the measurements. An alternative approach is to use color curves where uncertainties due to microlensing are significantly reduced for a certain period of time known as the achromatic phase. In this work, we investigate in detail the achromatic phase, testing four different SN Ia models with various microlensing configurations. We find on average an achromatic phase of around three rest-frame weeks or longer for most color curves, but the spread in the duration of the achromatic phase (due to different microlensing maps and filter combinations) is quite large and an achromatic phase of just a few days is also possible. Furthermore, the achromatic phase is longer for smoother microlensing maps and lower macro-magnifications. From our investigations, we do not find a strong dependency on the SN model or on asymmetries in the SN ejecta. We find that six rest-frame LSST color curves exhibit features such as extreme points or turning points within the achromatic phase, which make them promising for time-delay measurements; however, only three of the color curves are independent. These curves contain combinations of rest-frame bands u, g, r, and i, and to observe them for typical LSN Ia redshifts, it would be ideal to cover (observer-frame) filters r, i, z, y, J, and H. If follow-up resources are restricted, we recommend r, i, and z as the bare minimum for using color curves and/or light curves since LSNe Ia are bright in these filters and observational uncertainties are lower than in the infrared regime. With additional resources, infrared observations in y, J, and H would be useful for obtaining color curves of SNe, especially at redshifts above ∼0.8 when they become critical.


RU-D
(295)Disk Evolution Study Through Imaging of Nearby Young Stars (DESTINYS): Late Infall Causing Disk Misalignment and Dynamic Structures in SU Aur
  • Christian Ginski,
  • Stefano Facchini,
  • Jane Huang,
  • Myriam Benisty,
  • Dennis Vaendel
  • +17
  • Lucas Stapper,
  • Carsten Dominik,
  • Jaehan Bae,
  • François Ménard,
  • Gabriela Muro-Arena,
  • Michiel R. Hogerheijde,
  • Melissa McClure,
  • Rob G. van Holstein,
  • Tilman Birnstiel,
  • Yann Boehler,
  • Alexander Bohn,
  • Mario Flock,
  • Eric E. Mamajek,
  • Carlo F. Manara,
  • Paola Pinilla,
  • Christophe Pinte,
  • Álvaro Ribas
  • (less)
The Astrophysical Journal (02/2021) doi:10.3847/2041-8213/abdf57
abstract + abstract -

Gas-rich circumstellar disks are the cradles of planet formation. As such, their evolution will strongly influence the resulting planet population. In the ESO DESTINYS large program, we study these disks within the first 10 Myr of their development with near-infrared scattered-light imaging. Here we present VLT/SPHERE polarimetric observations of the nearby class II system SU Aur in which we resolve the disk down to scales of ∼7 au. In addition to the new SPHERE observations, we utilize VLT/NACO, HST/STIS, and ALMA archival data. The new SPHERE data show the disk around SU Aur and extended dust structures in unprecedented detail. We resolve several dust tails connected to the Keplerian disk. By comparison with ALMA data, we show that these dust tails represent material falling onto the disk. The disk itself shows an intricate spiral structure and a shadow lane, cast by an inner, misaligned disk component. Our observations suggest that SU Aur is undergoing late infall of material, which can explain the observed disk structures. SU Aur is the clearest observational example of this mechanism at work and demonstrates that late accretion events can still occur in the class II phase, thereby significantly affecting the evolution of circumstellar disks. Constraining the frequency of such events with additional observations will help determine whether this process is responsible for the spin-orbit misalignment in evolved exoplanet systems. * Based on observations performed with VLT/SPHERE under program ID 1104.C-0415(E).


(294)Inclusive Hadroproduction of P -Wave Heavy Quarkonia in Potential Nonrelativistic QCD
  • Nora Brambilla,
  • Hee Sok Chung,
  • Antonio Vairo
Physical Review Letters (02/2021) doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.082003
abstract + abstract -

We compute the color-singlet and color-octet nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) long-distance matrix elements for inclusive production of P -wave quarkonia in the framework of potential NRQCD. In this way, the color-octet NRQCD long-distance matrix element can be determined without relying on measured cross section data, which has not been possible so far. We obtain inclusive cross sections of χc J and χb J at the LHC, which are in good agreement with data. In principle, the formalism developed in this Letter can be applied to all inclusive production processes of heavy quarkonia.


(293)Scaling relations of fuzzy dark matter haloes - I. Individual systems in their cosmological environment
  • Matteo Nori,
  • Marco Baldi
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (02/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3772
abstract + abstract -

Dark matter models involving a very light bosonic particle, generally known as fuzzy dark matter (FDM), have been recently attracting great interest in the cosmology community, as their wave-like phenomenology would simultaneously explain the long-standing misdetection of a dark matter particle and help easing the small-scale issues related to the standard cold dark matter (CDM) scenario. With this work, we initiate a series of papers aiming at investigating the evolution of FDM structures in a cosmological framework performed with our N-body code AX-GADGET, detailing for the first time in the literature how the actual scaling relations between solitonic cores and host haloes properties are significantly affected by the dynamical state, morphology, and merger history of the individual systems. In particular, in this first paper we confirm the ability of AX-GADGET to correctly reproduce the typical FDM solitonic core and we employ it to study the non-linear evolution of eight FDM haloes in their cosmological context through the zoom-in simulation approach. We find that the scaling relations identified in previous works for isolated systems are generally modified for haloes evolving in a realistic cosmological environment, and appear to be valid only as a limit for the most relaxed and spherically symmetric systems.


MIAPbP
(292)Dibaryons: Molecular versus compact hexaquarks
  • H. Clement,
  • T. Skorodko
Chinese Physics C (02/2021) doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abcd8e
abstract + abstract -

Hexaquarks constitute a natural extension of complex quark systems, just as tetra- and pentaquarks do. To this end, the current status of $d^*(2380)$ in both experiment and theory is reviewed. Recent high-precision measurements in the nucleon-nucleon channel and analyses thereof have established $d^*(2380)$ as an indisputable resonance in the long-sought dibaryon channel. Important features of this $I(J^P) = 0(3^+)$ state are its narrow width and deep binding relative to the $\Delta(1232)\Delta(1232)$ threshold. Its decay branchings favor theoretical calculations predicting a compact hexaquark nature of this state. We review the current status of experimental and theoretical studies on $d^*(2380)$ as well as new physics aspects it may bring in future. In addition, we review the situation at the $\Delta(1232) N$ and $N^*(1440)N$ thresholds, where evidence for a number of resonances of presumably molecular nature has been found - similar to the situation in charmed and beauty sectors. Finally, we briefly discuss the situation of dibaryon searches in the flavored quark sectors. * This work has been supported by DFG (CL 214/3-3). H. Cl. appreciates the support by the Munich Institute for Astro- and Particle Physics (MIAPP) which is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy - EXC-2094 - 390783311


CN-2
RU-D
(291)Giant planet migration during the disc dispersal phase
  • Kristina Monsch,
  • Giovanni Picogna,
  • Barbara Ercolano,
  • Wilhelm Kley
Astronomy and Astrophysics (02/2021) doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039658
abstract + abstract -

Context. Transition discs are expected to be a natural outcome of the interplay between photoevaporation and giant planet formation. Massive planets reduce the inflow of material from the outer to the inner disc, therefore triggering an earlier onset of disc dispersal due to photoevaporation through a process known as Planet-Induced PhotoEvaporation. In this case, a cavity is formed as material inside the planetary orbit is removed by photoevaporation, leaving only the outer disc to drive the migration of the giant planet.
Aims: We investigate the impact of photoevaporation on giant planet migration and focus specifically on the case of transition discs with an evacuated cavity inside the planet location. This is important for determining under what circumstances photoevaporation is efficient at halting the migration of giant planets, thus affecting the final orbital distribution of a population of planets.
Methods: For this purpose, we use 2D FARGO simulations to model the migration of giant planets in a range of primordial and transition discs subject to photoevaporation. The results are then compared to the standard prescriptions used to calculate the migration tracks of planets in 1D planet population synthesis models.
Results: The FARGO simulations show that once the disc inside the planet location is depleted of gas, planet migration ceases. This contradicts the results obtained by the impulse approximation, which predicts the accelerated inward migration of planets in discs that have been cleared inside the planetary orbit.
Conclusions: These results suggest that the impulse approximation may not be suitable for planets embedded in transition discs. A better approximation that could be used in 1D models would involve halting planet migration once the material inside the planetary orbit is depleted of gas and the surface density at the 3:2 mean motion resonance location in the outer disc reaches a threshold value of 0.01 g cm−2.


(290)Fission fragment distributions and their impact on the r -process nucleosynthesis in neutron star mergers
  • J. -F. Lemaître,
  • S. Goriely,
  • A. Bauswein,
  • H. -T. Janka
Physical Review C (02/2021) doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.103.025806
abstract + abstract -

Neutron star (NS) merger ejecta offer viable sites for the production of heavy r -process elements with nuclear mass numbers A ≳140 . The crucial role of fission recycling is responsible for the robustness of this site against many astrophysical uncertainties. Here, we introduce improvements to our scission-point model, called SPY, to derive the fission fragment distribution for all neutron-rich fissioning nuclei of relevance in r -process calculations. These improvements include a phenomenological modification of the scission distance and a smoothing procedure of the distribution. Such corrections lead to much better agreement with experimental fission yields. Those yields are also used to estimate the number of neutrons emitted by the excited fragments on the basis of different neutron evaporation models. Our fission yields are extensively compared to those predicted by the GEF (general description of fission observables) model. The impact of fission on the r -process nucleosynthesis in binary neutron mergers is also reanalyzed. Two scenarios are considered, the first one with low initial electron fraction subject to intense fission recycling, in contrast to the second one, which includes weak interactions on nucleons. The various regions of the nuclear chart responsible for fission recycling during the neutron irradiation and after freeze-out are discussed. The contribution fission processes may have to the final abundance distribution is also studied in detail in the light of newly defined quantitative indicators describing the fission recycling, the fission seeds, and the fission progenitors. In particular, those allow us to estimate the contribution of fission to the final abundance distribution stemming from specific heavy nuclei. Calculations obtained with SPY and GEF fission fragment distributions are compared for both r -process scenarios.


(289)HOLISMOKES. IV. Efficient mass modeling of strong lenses through deep learning
  • S. Schuldt,
  • S. H. Suyu,
  • T. Meinhardt,
  • L. Leal-Taixé,
  • R. Cañameras
  • +2
Astronomy and Astrophysics (02/2021) doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039574
abstract + abstract -

Modeling the mass distributions of strong gravitational lenses is often necessary in order to use them as astrophysical and cosmological probes. With the large number of lens systems (≳105) expected from upcoming surveys, it is timely to explore efficient modeling approaches beyond traditional Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques that are time consuming. We train a convolutional neural network (CNN) on images of galaxy-scale lens systems to predict the five parameters of the singular isothermal ellipsoid (SIE) mass model (lens center x and y, complex ellipticity ex and ey, and Einstein radius θE). To train the network we simulate images based on real observations from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey for the lens galaxies and from the Hubble Ultra Deep Field as lensed galaxies. We tested different network architectures and the effect of different data sets, such as using only double or quad systems defined based on the source center and using different input distributions of θE. We find that the CNN performs well, and with the network trained on both doubles and quads with a uniform distribution of θE > 0.5″ we obtain the following median values with 1σ scatter: Δx = (0.00-0.30+0.30)″, Δy = (0.00-0.29+0.30)″, ΔθE = (0.07-0.12+0.29)″, Δex = -0.01-0.09+0.08, and Δey = 0.00-0.09+0.08. The bias in θE is driven by systems with small θE. Therefore, when we further predict the multiple lensed image positions and time-delays based on the network output, we apply the network to the sample limited to θE > 0.8″. In this case the offset between the predicted and input lensed image positions is (0.00-0.29+0.29)″ and (0.00-0.31+0.32)″ for the x and y coordinates, respectively. For the fractional difference between the predicted and true time-delay, we obtain 0.04-0.05+0.27. Our CNN model is able to predict the SIE parameter values in fractions of a second on a single CPU, and with the output we can predict the image positions and time-delays in an automated way, such that we are able to process efficiently the huge amount of expected galaxy-scale lens detections in the near future.


(288)On the Use of Field RR Lyrae as Galactic Probes. II. A New ΔS Calibration to Estimate Their Metallicity
  • J. Crestani,
  • M. Fabrizio,
  • V. F. Braga,
  • C. Sneden,
  • G. Preston
  • +31
  • I. Ferraro,
  • G. Iannicola,
  • G. Bono,
  • A. Alves-Brito,
  • M. Nonino,
  • V. D'Orazi,
  • L. Inno,
  • M. Monelli,
  • J. Storm,
  • G. Altavilla,
  • B. Chaboyer,
  • M. Dall'Ora,
  • G. Fiorentino,
  • C. Gilligan,
  • E. K. Grebel,
  • H. Lala,
  • B. Lemasle,
  • M. Marengo,
  • S. Marinoni,
  • P. M. Marrese,
  • C. E. Martínez-Vázquez,
  • N. Matsunaga,
  • J. P. Mullen,
  • J. Neeley,
  • Z. Prudil,
  • R. da Silva,
  • P. B. Stetson,
  • F. Thévenin,
  • E. Valenti,
  • A. Walker,
  • M. Zoccali
  • (less)
The Astrophysical Journal (02/2021) doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abd183
abstract + abstract -

We performed the largest and most homogeneous spectroscopic survey of field RR Lyraes (RRLs). We secured ≍6300 high-resolution (HR, R ∼ 35,000) spectra for 143 RRLs (111 fundamental, RRab; 32 first-overtone, RRc). The atmospheric parameters were estimated by using the traditional approach and the iron abundances were measured by using an LTE line analysis. The resulting iron distribution shows a well-defined metal-rich tail approaching solar iron abundance. This suggests that field RRLs experienced a complex chemical enrichment in the early halo formation. We used these data to develop a new calibration of the ΔS method. This diagnostic, based on the equivalent widths of Ca II K and three Balmer (Hδ,γ,β) lines, traces the metallicity of RRLs. For the first time, the new empirical calibration: (i) includes spectra collected over the entire pulsation cycle; (ii) includes RRc variables; (iii) relies on spectroscopic calibrators covering more than three dex in iron abundance; and (iv) provides independent calibrations based on one/two/three Balmer lines. The new calibrations were applied to a data set of both SEGUE-SDSS and degraded HR spectra totalling 6451 low-resolution (R ∼ 2000) spectra for 5001 RRLs (3439 RRab, 1562 RRc). This resulted in an iron distribution with a median η = -1.55 ± 0.01 and σ = 0.51 dex, in good agreement with literature values. We also found that RRc are 0.10 dex more metal-poor than RRab variables, and have a distribution with a smoother metal-poor tail. This finding supports theoretical prescriptions suggesting a steady decrease in the RRc number when moving from metal-poor to metal-rich stellar environments. * Based on observations obtained with the du Pont telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, operated by Carnegie Institution for Science. Based in part on data collected at Subaru Telescope, which is operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. Based partly on data obtained with the STELLA robotic telescopes in Tenerife, an AIP facility jointly operated by AIP and IAC. Some of the observations reported in this paper were obtained with the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT). Based on observations made with the Italian Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) operated on the island of La Palma by the Fundación Galileo Galilei of the INAF (Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica) at the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. Based on observations collected at the European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere.


(287)KiDS-1000 methodology: Modelling and inference for joint weak gravitational lensing and spectroscopic galaxy clustering analysis
  • B. Joachimi,
  • C. -A. Lin,
  • M. Asgari,
  • T. Tröster,
  • C. Heymans
  • +22
  • H. Hildebrandt,
  • F. Köhlinger,
  • A. G. Sánchez,
  • A. H. Wright,
  • M. Bilicki,
  • C. Blake,
  • J. L. van den Busch,
  • M. Crocce,
  • A. Dvornik,
  • T. Erben,
  • F. Getman,
  • B. Giblin,
  • H. Hoekstra,
  • A. Kannawadi,
  • K. Kuijken,
  • N. R. Napolitano,
  • P. Schneider,
  • R. Scoccimarro,
  • E. Sellentin,
  • H. Y. Shan,
  • M. von Wietersheim-Kramsta,
  • J. Zuntz
  • (less)
Astronomy and Astrophysics (02/2021) doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038831
abstract + abstract -

We present the methodology for a joint cosmological analysis of weak gravitational lensing from the fourth data release of the ESO Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS-1000) and galaxy clustering from the partially overlapping Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) and the 2-degree Field Lensing Survey (2dFLenS). Cross-correlations between BOSS and 2dFLenS galaxy positions and source galaxy ellipticities have been incorporated into the analysis, necessitating the development of a hybrid model of non-linear scales that blends perturbative and non-perturbative approaches, and an assessment of signal contributions by astrophysical effects. All weak lensing signals were measured consistently via Fourier-space statistics that are insensitive to the survey mask and display low levels of mode mixing. The calibration of photometric redshift distributions and multiplicative gravitational shear bias has been updated, and a more complete tally of residual calibration uncertainties was propagated into the likelihood. A dedicated suite of more than 20 000 mocks was used to assess the performance of covariance models and to quantify the impact of survey geometry and spatial variations of survey depth on signals and their errors. The sampling distributions for the likelihood and the χ2 goodness-of-fit statistic have been validated, with proposed changes for calculating the effective number of degrees of freedom. The prior volume was explicitly mapped, and a more conservative, wide top-hat prior on the key structure growth parameter S8 = σ8m/0.3)1/2 was introduced. The prevalent custom of reporting S8 weak lensing constraints via point estimates derived from its marginal posterior is highlighted to be easily misinterpreted as yielding systematically low values of S8, and an alternative estimator and associated credible interval are proposed. Known systematic effects pertaining to weak lensing modelling and inference are shown to bias S8 by no more than 0.1 standard deviations, with the caveat that no conclusive validation data exist for models of intrinsic galaxy alignments. Compared to the previous KiDS analyses, S8 constraints are expected to improve by 20% for weak lensing alone and by 29% for the joint analysis.


MIAPbP
(286)Multipole expansion of gravitational waves: from harmonic to Bondi coordinates
  • Luc Blanchet,
  • Geoffrey Compère,
  • Guillaume Faye,
  • Roberto Oliveri,
  • Ali Seraj
Journal of High Energy Physics (02/2021) doi:10.1007/JHEP02(2021)029
abstract + abstract -

We transform the metric of an isolated matter source in the multipolar post-Minkowskian approximation from harmonic (de Donder) coordinates to radiative Newman-Unti (NU) coordinates. To linearized order, we obtain the NU metric as a functional of the mass and current multipole moments of the source, valid all-over the exterior region of the source. Imposing appropriate boundary conditions we recover the generalized Bondi-van der Burg-Metzner-Sachs residual symmetry group. To quadratic order, in the case of the mass-quadrupole interaction, we determine the contributions of gravitational-wave tails in the NU metric, and prove that the expansion of the metric in terms of the radius is regular to all orders. The mass and angular momentum aspects, as well as the Bondi shear, are read off from the metric. They are given by the radiative quadrupole moment including the tail terms.


CN-3
RU-B
(285)Neutrino parameters in the Planck-scale lepton number breaking scenario with extended scalar sectors
  • Cesar Bonilla,
  • Johannes Herms,
  • Alejandro Ibarra,
  • Patrick Strobl
Physical Review D (02/2021) doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.103.035010
abstract + abstract -

Two-loop effects on the right-handed neutrino masses can have an impact on the low-energy phenomenology, especially when the right-handed neutrino mass spectrum is very hierarchical at the cutoff scale. In this case, the physical masses of the lighter right-handed neutrinos can be dominated by quantum effects induced by the heavier ones. Further, if the heaviest right-handed neutrino mass is at around the Planck scale, two-loop effects on the right-handed neutrino masses generate, through the seesaw mechanism, an active neutrino mass that is in the ballpark of the experimental values. In this paper we investigate extensions of the Planck-scale lepton number breaking scenario by additional Higgs doublets (inert or not). We find that under reasonable assumptions these models lead simultaneously to an overall neutrino mass scale and to a neutrino mass hierarchy in qualitative agreement with observations.


RU-A
(284)Non-local matrix elements in B(s)→{K(∗),ϕ}ℓ+ℓ−
  • Nico Gubernari,
  • Danny van Dyk,
  • Javier Virto
Journal of High Energy Physics (02/2021) e-Print:2011.09813 doi:10.1007/JHEP02%282021%29088
abstract + abstract -

We revisit the theoretical predictions and the parametrization of non-local matrix elements in rare B¯(s)→{K¯(∗),ϕ}ℓ+ℓ− and B¯(s)→{K¯∗,ϕ}γ decays. We improve upon the current state of these matrix elements in two ways. First, we recalculate the hadronic matrix elements needed at subleading power in the light-cone OPE using B-meson light-cone sum rules. Our analytical results supersede those in the literature. We discuss the origin of our improvements and provide numerical results for the processes under consideration. Second, we derive the first dispersive bound on the non-local matrix elements. It provides a parametric handle on the truncation error in extrapolations of the matrix elements to large timelike momentum transfer using the z expansion. We illustrate the power of the dispersive bound at the hand of a simple phenomenological application. As a side result of our work, we also provide numerical results for the Bs→ϕ form factors from B-meson light-cone sum rules.

 


CN-2
RU-D
RU-E
(283)ALMA chemical survey of disk-outflow sources in Taurus (ALMA-DOT). V. Sample, overview, and demography of disk molecular emission
  • A. Garufi,
  • L. Podio,
  • C. Codella,
  • D. Fedele,
  • E. Bianchi
  • +7
  • C. Favre,
  • F. Bacciotti,
  • C. Ceccarelli,
  • S. Mercimek,
  • K. Rygl,
  • R. Teague,
  • L. Testi
  • (less)
Astronomy and Astrophysics (01/2021) doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039483
abstract + abstract -

We present an overview of the ALMA chemical survey of disk-outflow sources in Taurus (ALMA-DOT), a campaign devoted to the characterization of the molecular emission from partly embedded young stars. The project is aimed at attaining a better understanding of the gaseous products delivered to planets by means of high-resolution maps of the assorted lines probing disks at the time of planet formation (≲1 Myr). Nine different molecules are surveyed through our observations of six Class I/flat-spectrum sources. As part of a series of articles analyzing specific targets and molecules, in this work we describe the sample and provide a general overview of the results, focusing specifically on the spatial distribution, column densities, and abundance ratios of H2CO, CS, and CN. In these embedded sources, the 12CO emission is dominated by envelope and outflow emission while the CS and, especially, the H2CO are good tracers of the gaseous disk structure. The spatial distribution and brightness of the o-H2CO 31,2-21,1 and CS 5-4 lines are very similar to each other and across all targets. The CN 2-1 line emission is fainter and distributed over radii larger than the dust continuum. The H2CO and CS emission is always dimmed in the inner ~50 au. While the suppression by the dusty disk and absorption by the line-of-sight material significantly contributes to this inner depression, an actual decrease in the column density is plausible in most cases, making the observed ring-like morphology realistic. We also found that the gaseous disk extent, when traced by H2CO (150-390 au), is always 60% larger than the dust disk. This systematic discrepancy may, in principle, be explained by the different optical depth of continuum and line emission without invoking any dust radial drift. Finally, the o-H2CS 71,6-61,5 and CH3OH 50,5-40,4 line emission are detected in two disks and one disk, respectively, while the HDO is never detected. The H2CO column densities are 12-50 times larger than those inferred for Class II sources while they are in line with those of other Class 0/I. The CS column densities are lower than those of H2CO, which is an opposite trend with regard to Class II objects. We also inferred abundance ratios between the various molecular species finding, among others, a H2CS/H2CO ratio that is systematically lower than unity (0.4-0.7 in HL Tau, 0.1 - 0.2 in IRAS 04302+2247, and <0.4 in all other sources), as well as a CH3OH/H2CO ratio (<0.7 in HL Tau and 0.5-0.7 in IRAS 04302+2247) that is lower than the only available estimate in a protoplanetary disks (1.3 in TW Hya) and between one and two orders of magnitude lower than those of the hot corinos around Class 0 protostars. These results are a first step toward the characterization of the disk's chemical evolution, which ought to be complemented by subsequent observations of less exceptional disks and customized thermo-chemical modeling.


CN-7
RU-A
(282)Laser spectroscopy of neutron-rich 207;208Hg isotopes: illuminating the kink and odd-even staggering in charge
  • T. Day Goodacre,
  • A. V. Afanasjev,
  • A. E. Barzakh,
  • B. A. Marsh,
  • S. Sels
  • +39
  • P. Ring,
  • H. Nakada,
  • A. N. Andreyev,
  • P. Van Duppen,
  • N. A. Althubiti,
  • B. Andel,
  • D. Atanasov,
  • J. Billowes,
  • K. Blaum,
  • T. E. Cocolios,
  • J. G. Cubiss,
  • G. J. Farooq-Smith,
  • D. V. Fedorov,
  • V. N. Fedosseev,
  • K. T. Flanagan,
  • L. P. Gaffney,
  • L. Ghys,
  • M. Huyse,
  • S. Kreim,
  • D. Lunney,
  • K. M. Lynch,
  • V. Manea,
  • Y. Martinez Palenzuela,
  • P. L. Molkanov,
  • M. Rosenbusch,
  • R. E. Rossel,
  • S. Rothe,
  • L. Schweikhard,
  • M. D. Seliverstov,
  • P. Spagnoletti,
  • C. Van Beveren,
  • M. Veinhard,
  • E. Verstraelen,
  • A. Welker,
  • K. Wendt,
  • F. Wienholtz,
  • R. N. Wolf,
  • A. Zadvornaya,
  • K. Zuber
  • (less)
Physical Review Letters (01/2021) e-Print:2012.13802 doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.032502
abstract + abstract -

The mean-square charge radii of 207,208Hg (Z=80, N=127, 128) have been studied for the first time and those of 202,203,206Hg (N=122, 123, 126) remeasured by the application of in-source resonance-ionization laser spectroscopy at ISOLDE (CERN). The characteristic kink in the charge radii at the N=126 neutron shell closure has been revealed, providing the first information on its behavior below the Z=82 proton shell closure. A theoretical analysis has been performed within relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov and nonrelativistic Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approaches, considering both the new mercury results and existing lead data. Contrary to previous interpretations, it is demonstrated that both the kink at N=126 and the odd-even staggering (OES) in its vicinity can be described predominately at the mean-field level and that pairing does not need to play a crucial role in their origin. A new OES mechanism is suggested, related to the staggering in the occupation of the different neutron orbitals in odd- and even-A nuclei, facilitated by particle-vibration coupling for odd-A nuclei.


CN-3
PhD Thesis
(281)Evolution of galactic star formation in galaxy clusters and post-starburst galaxies
  • Marcel Lotz - Advisor: Klaus Dolag,
  • Andreas Burkert
Thesis (01/2021) doi:10.5282/edoc.27802
abstract + abstract -

While most galaxies evolve gradually, a subset of galaxies, such as star-forming galaxies falling into galaxy cluster or post-starburst galaxies (PSBs), evolve far more quickly. These transition galaxies are characterised by a short timescale decrease of star formation and offer key insights into how and by what mechanisms galaxies evolve. To resolve the extensive range of relevant physical processes involved in galaxy evolution, we analyse the state-of-the-art cosmological hydrodynamical simulation suite Magneticum Pathfinder. We track the orbits, merger history, galactic properties, and black holes of transition galaxies and control samples in different environments over several ∼ Gyr.


CN-8
PhD Thesis
(280)Self-assembly of informational polymers via templated ligation
  • Joachim Rosenberger - Advisor: Ulrich Gerland
Thesis (01/2021) link
abstract + abstract -

Understanding how systems that can replicate information can emerge from the interaction of informational polymers (DNA, RNA) is crucial to comprehend the origins of life on Earth. To this end, system-level properties arising from the interaction of informational polymers must be identified and understood. We abstract and coarse-grain the interaction details to find universal rules governing systems of self-assembly of informational polymers via templated ligation.


CN-4
RU-C
(279)Exploring the contamination of the DES-Y1 Cluster Sample with SPT-SZ selected clusters
  • S. Grandis,
  • J.J. Mohr,
  • M. Costanzi,
  • A. Saro,
  • S. Bocquet
  • +71
  • M. Klein,
  • M. Aguena,
  • S. Allam,
  • J. Annis,
  • B. Ansarinejad,
  • D. Bacon,
  • E. Bertin,
  • L. Bleem,
  • D. Brooks,
  • D.L. Burke,
  • A. Carnero Rosel,
  • M. Carrasco Kind,
  • J. Carretero,
  • F.J. Castander,
  • A. Choi,
  • L.N. da Costa,
  • J. De Vincente,
  • S. Desai,
  • H.T. Diehl,
  • J.P. Dietrich,
  • P. Doel,
  • T.F. Eifler,
  • S. Everett,
  • I. Ferrero,
  • B. Floyd,
  • P. Fosalba,
  • J. Frieman,
  • J. García-Bellido,
  • E. Gaztanaga,
  • D. Gruen,
  • R.A. Gruendl,
  • J. Gschwend,
  • N. Gupta,
  • G. Gutierrez,
  • S.R. Hinton,
  • D.L. Hollowood,
  • K. Honscheid,
  • D.J. James,
  • T. Jeltema,
  • K. Kuehn,
  • O. Lahav,
  • C. Lidman,
  • M. Lima,
  • M.A G. Maia,
  • M. March,
  • J.L. Marshall,
  • P. Melchior,
  • F. Menanteau,
  • R. Miquel,
  • R. Morgan,
  • J. Myles,
  • R. Ogando,
  • A. Palmese,
  • F. Paz-Chinchón,
  • A.A. Plazas,
  • C.L. Reichardt,
  • A.K. Romer,
  • E. Sanchez,
  • V. Scarpine,
  • S. Serrano,
  • I. Sevilla-Noarbe,
  • P. Singh,
  • M. Smith,
  • E. Suchyta,
  • M.E C. Swanson,
  • G. Tarle,
  • D. Thomas,
  • C. To,
  • J. Weller,
  • R.D. Wilkinson,
  • H. Wu
  • (less)
Mon.Not.Roy.Astron.Soc. (01/2021) e-Print:2101.04984 doi:10.1093/mnras/stab869
abstract + abstract -

We perform a cross validation of the cluster catalogue selected by the red-sequence Matched-filter Probabilistic Percolation algorithm (redMaPPer) in Dark Energy Survey year 1 (DES-Y1) data by matching it with the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect (SZE) selected cluster catalogue from the South Pole Telescope SPT-SZ survey. Of the 1005 redMaPPer selected clusters with measured richness |$\hat{\lambda }\gt 40$| in the joint footprint, 207 are confirmed by SPT-SZ. Using the mass information from the SZE signal, we calibrate the richness–mass relation using a Bayesian cluster population model. We find a mass trend λ ∝ M^B consistent with a linear relation (B ∼ 1), no significant redshift evolution and an intrinsic scatter in richness of σ_λ = 0.22 ± 0.06. By considering two error models, we explore the impact of projection effects on the richness–mass modelling, confirming that such effects are not detectable at the current level of systematic uncertainties. At low richness SPT-SZ confirms fewer redMaPPer clusters than expected. We interpret this richness dependent deficit in confirmed systems as due to the increased presence at low richness of low-mass objects not correctly accounted for by our richness-mass scatter model, which we call contaminants. At a richness |$\hat{\lambda }=40$|⁠, this population makes up |${\gt}12{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$| (97.5 percentile) of the total population. Extrapolating this to a measured richness |$\hat{\lambda }=20$| yields |${\gt}22{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$| (97.5 percentile). With these contamination fractions, the predicted redMaPPer number counts in different plausible cosmologies are compatible with the measured abundance. The presence of such a population is also a plausible explanation for the different mass trends (B ∼ 0.75) obtained from mass calibration using purely optically selected clusters. The mean mass from stacked weak lensing (WL) measurements suggests that these low-mass contaminants are galaxy groups with masses ∼3–5 × 10^13 M_⊙ which are beyond the sensitivity of current SZE and X-ray surveys but a natural target for SPT-3G and eROSITA.


RU-C
(278)CODEX Weak Lensing Mass Catalogue and implications on the mass-richness relation
  • K. Kiiveri,
  • D. Gruen,
  • A. Finoguenov,
  • T. Erben,
  • L. van Waerbeke
  • +17
  • E. Rykoff,
  • L. Miller,
  • S. Hagstotz,
  • R. Dupke,
  • J. Patrick Henry,
  • J-P. Kneib,
  • G. Gozaliasl,
  • C.C. Kirkpatrick,
  • N. Cibirka,
  • N. Clerc,
  • M. Costanzi,
  • E.S. Cypriano,
  • E. Rozo,
  • H. Shan,
  • P. Spinelli,
  • J. Valiviita,
  • J. Weller
  • (less)
Mon.Not.Roy.Astron.Soc. (01/2021) e-Print:2101.02257 doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3936
abstract + abstract -

The COnstrain Dark Energy with X-ray clusters (CODEX) sample contains the largest flux limited sample of X-ray clusters at $0.35 < z < 0.65$. It was selected from ROSAT data in the 10,000 square degrees of overlap with BOSS, mapping a total number of 2770 high-z galaxy clusters. We present here the full results of the CFHT CODEX program on cluster mass measurement, including a reanalysis of CFHTLS Wide data, with 25 individual lensing-constrained cluster masses. We employ $lensfit$ shape measurement and perform a conservative colour-space selection and weighting of background galaxies. Using the combination of shape noise and an analytic covariance for intrinsic variations of cluster profiles at fixed mass due to large scale structure, miscentring, and variations in concentration and ellipticity, we determine the likelihood of the observed shear signal as a function of true mass for each cluster. We combine 25 individual cluster mass likelihoods in a Bayesian hierarchical scheme with the inclusion of optical and X-ray selection functions to derive constraints on the slope $\alpha$, normalization $\beta$, and scatter $\sigma_{\ln \lambda | \mu}$ of our richness-mass scaling relation model in log-space: $\left<\ln \lambda | \mu \right> = \alpha \mu + \beta$, with $\mu = \ln (M_{200c}/M_{\mathrm{piv}})$, and $M_{\mathrm{piv}} = 10^{14.81} M_{\odot}$. We find a slope $\alpha = 0.49^{+0.20}_{-0.15}$, normalization $ \exp(\beta) = 84.0^{+9.2}_{-14.8}$ and $\sigma_{\ln \lambda | \mu} = 0.17^{+0.13}_{-0.09}$ using CFHT richness estimates. In comparison to other weak lensing richness-mass relations, we find the normalization of the richness statistically agreeing with the normalization of other scaling relations from a broad redshift range ($0.0<z<0.65$) and with different cluster selection (X-ray, Sunyaev-Zeldovich, and optical).


MIAPbP
(277)Learning multivariate new physics
  • Raffaele Tito D'Agnolo,
  • Gaia Grosso,
  • Maurizio Pierini,
  • Andrea Wulzer,
  • Marco Zanetti
European Physical Journal C (01/2021) doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-08853-y
abstract + abstract -

We discuss a method that employs a multilayer perceptron to detect deviations from a reference model in large multivariate datasets. Our data analysis strategy does not rely on any prior assumption on the nature of the deviation. It is designed to be sensitive to small discrepancies that arise in datasets dominated by the reference model. The main conceptual building blocks were introduced in D'Agnolo and Wulzer (Phys Rev D 99 (1), 015014. doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.99.015014. arXiv:1806.02350 [hep-ph], 2019). Here we make decisive progress in the algorithm implementation and we demonstrate its applicability to problems in high energy physics. We show that the method is sensitive to putative new physics signals in di-muon final states at the LHC. We also compare our performances on toy problems with the ones of alternative methods proposed in the literature.


RU-C
(276)Measuring the spectrum of primordial gravitational waves with CMB, PTA and laser interferometers
  • Paolo Campeti,
  • Eiichiro Komatsu,
  • Davide Poletti,
  • Carlo Baccigalupi
Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (01/2021) doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2021/01/012
abstract + abstract -

We investigate the possibility of measuring the primordial gravitational wave (GW) signal across 21 decades in frequencies, using the cosmic microwave background (CMB), pulsar timing arrays (PTA), and laser and atomic interferometers. For the CMB and PTA experiments we consider the LiteBIRD mission and the Square Kilometer Array (SKA), respectively. For the interferometers we consider space mission proposals including the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), the Big Bang Observer (BBO), the Deci-hertz Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory (DECIGO), the μAres experiment, the Decihertz Observatory (DO), and the Atomic Experiment for Dark Matter and Gravity Exploration in Space (AEDGE), as well as the ground-based Einstein Telescope (ET) proposal. We implement the mathematics needed to compute sensitivities for both CMB and interferometers, and derive the response functions for the latter from the first principles. We also evaluate the effect of the astrophysical foreground contamination in each experiment. We present binned sensitivity curves and error bars on the energy density parameter, ΩGWh2, as a function of frequency for two representative classes of models for the stochastic background of primordial GW: the quantum vacuum fluctuation in the metric from single-field slow-roll inflation, and the source-induced tensor perturbation from the spectator axion-SU(2) inflation models. We find excellent prospects for joint measurements of the GW spectrum by CMB and space-borne interferometers mission proposals.


(275)The completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: BAO and RSD measurements from anisotropic clustering analysis of the quasar sample in configuration space between redshift 0.8 and 2.2
  • Jiamin Hou,
  • Ariel G. Sánchez,
  • Ashley J. Ross,
  • Alex Smith,
  • Richard Neveux
  • +25
  • Julian Bautista,
  • Etienne Burtin,
  • Cheng Zhao,
  • Román Scoccimarro,
  • Kyle S. Dawson,
  • Arnaud de Mattia,
  • Axel de la Macorra,
  • Hélion du Mas des Bourboux,
  • Daniel J. Eisenstein,
  • Héctor Gil-Marín,
  • Brad W. Lyke,
  • Faizan G. Mohammad,
  • Eva-Maria Mueller,
  • Will J. Percival,
  • Graziano Rossi,
  • Mariana Vargas Magaña,
  • Pauline Zarrouk,
  • Gong-Bo Zhao,
  • Jonathan Brinkmann,
  • Joel R. Brownstein,
  • Chia-Hsun Chuang,
  • Adam D. Myers,
  • Jeffrey A. Newman,
  • Donald P. Schneider,
  • M. Vivek
  • (less)
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (01/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3234
abstract + abstract -

We measure the anisotropic clustering of the quasar sample from Data Release 16 (DR16) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS). A sample of 343 708 spectroscopically confirmed quasars between redshift 0.8 < z < 2.2 are used as tracers of the underlying dark matter field. In comparison with DR14 sample, the final sample doubles the number of objects as well as the survey area. In this paper, we present the analysis in configuration space by measuring the two-point correlation function and decomposing it using the Legendre polynomials. For the full-shape analysis of the Legendre multipole moments, we measure the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) distance and the growth rate of the cosmic structure. At an effective redshift of zeff = 1.48, we measure the comoving angular diameter distance DM(zeff)/rdrag = 30.66 ± 0.88, the Hubble distance DH(zeff)/rdrag = 13.11 ± 0.52, and the product of the linear growth rate and the rms linear mass fluctuation on scales of $8 \, h^{-1}\, {\rm Mpc}$ , fσ8(zeff) = 0.439 ± 0.048. The accuracy of these measurements is confirmed using an extensive set of mock simulations developed for the quasar sample. The uncertainties on the distance and growth rate measurements have been reduced substantially (∼45 and ∼30 per cent) with respect to the DR14 results. We also perform a BAO-only analysis to cross check the robustness of the methodology of the full-shape analysis. Combining our analysis with the Fourier-space analysis, we arrive at $D^{{\bf c}}_{\rm M}(z_{\rm eff})/r_{\rm drag} = 30.21 \pm 0.79$ , $D^{{\bf c}}_{\rm H}(z_{\rm eff})/r_{\rm drag} = 13.23 \pm 0.47$ , and $f\sigma _8^{{\bf c}}(z_{\rm eff}) = 0.462 \pm 0.045$ .


RU-C
(274)Cosmology dependence of halo masses and concentrations in hydrodynamic simulations
  • Antonio Ragagnin,
  • Alexandro Saro,
  • Priyanka Singh,
  • Klaus Dolag
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (01/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3523
abstract + abstract -

We employ a set of Magneticum cosmological hydrodynamic simulations that span over 15 different cosmologies, and extract masses and concentrations of all well-resolved haloes between z = 0 and 1 for critical overdensities $\Delta _\textrm {vir}, \Delta _{200c}, \Delta _{500c}, \Delta _{2500c}$ and mean overdensity Δ200m. We provide the first mass-concentration (Mc) relation and sparsity relation (i.e. MΔ1 - MΔ2 mass conversion) of hydrodynamic simulations that is modelled by mass, redshift, and cosmological parameters Ωm, Ωb, σ8, h0 as a tool for observational studies. We also quantify the impact that the Mc relation scatter and the assumption of Navarro-Frank-White (NFW) density profiles have on the uncertainty of the sparsity relation. We find that converting masses with the aid of an Mc relation carries an additional fractional scatter ( $\approx 4{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ ) originated from deviations from the assumed NFW density profile. For this reason, we provide a direct mass-mass conversion relation fit that depends on redshift and cosmological parameters. We release the package HYDRO_MC, a PYTHON tool that perform all kind of conversions presented in this paper.


MIAPbP
(273)Determining the systemic redshift of Lyman α emitters with neural networks and improving the measured large-scale clustering
  • Siddhartha Gurung-López,
  • Shun Saito,
  • Carlton M. Baugh,
  • Silvia Bonoli,
  • Cedric G. Lacey
  • +1
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (01/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3269
abstract + abstract -

We explore how to mitigate the clustering distortions in Lyman α emitter (LAE) samples caused by the misidentification of the Lyman α ( $\rm {Ly}\,\alpha$ ) wavelength in their $\rm {Ly}\,\alpha$ line profiles. We use the $\rm {Ly}\,\alpha$ line profiles from our previous LAE theoretical model that includes radiative transfer in the interstellar and intergalactic mediums. We introduce a novel approach to measure the systemic redshift of LAEs from their $\rm {Ly}\,\alpha$ line using neural networks. In detail, we assume that for a fraction of the whole LAE population their systemic redshift is determined precisely through other spectral features. We then use this subset to train a neural network that predicts the $\rm {Ly}\,\alpha$ wavelength given an $\rm {Ly}\,\alpha$ line profile. We test two different training sets: (i) the LAEs are selected homogeneously and (ii) only the brightest LAE is selected. In comparison with previous approaches in the literature, our methodology improves significantly the accuracy in determining the $\rm {Ly}\,\alpha$ wavelength. In fact, after applying our algorithm in ideal $\rm {Ly}\,\alpha$ line profiles, we recover the clustering unperturbed down to $1\, {\rm cMpc}\, h^{-1}$ . Then, we test the performance of our methodology in realistic $\rm {Ly}\,\alpha$ line profiles by downgrading their quality. The machine learning technique using the uniform sampling works well even if the $\rm {Ly}\,\alpha$ line profile quality is decreased considerably. We conclude that LAE surveys such as HETDEX would benefit from determining with high accuracy the systemic redshift of a subpopulation and applying our methodology to estimate the systemic redshift of the rest of the galaxy sample.


MIAPbP
(272)Evidence for galaxy quenching in the green valley caused by a lack of a circumgalactic medium
  • Glenn G. Kacprzak,
  • Nikole M. Nielsen,
  • Hasti Nateghi,
  • Christopher W. Churchill,
  • Stephanie K. Pointon
  • +3
  • Themiya Nanayakkara,
  • Sowgat Muzahid,
  • Jane C. Charlton
  • (less)
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (01/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3461
abstract + abstract -

The relationship between a galaxy's properties and its circumgalactic medium (CGM) provides a unique view of how galaxies evolve. We present an interesting edge-on (i = 86°) disc galaxy (G1547) where the CGM is probed by a background quasar at a distance of 84 kpc and within 10° of the galaxy major axis. G1547 does not have any detectable CGM absorption down to stringent limits, covering H I (EWr <0.02 Å, log(N(H I)/cm-2) < 12.6) and a range of low and high ionization absorption lines (O I, C II, N II, Si II, C III, N III, Si III, C IV, Si IV, N V, and O VI). This system is rare, given the covering fraction of $1.00_{-0.04}^{+0.00}$ for sub-L* galaxies within 50-100 kpc of quasar sightlines. G1547 has a low star formation rate (SFR, 1.1 M yr-1), specific SFR (sSFR, 1.5 × 10-10 yr-1), and ΣSFR (0.06 M yr-1 kpc-2) and does not exhibit active galactic nucleus or star-formation-driven outflows. Compared to the general population of galaxies, G1547 is in the green valley and has an above average metallicity with a negative gradient. When compared to other H I absorption-selected galaxies, we find that quiescent galaxies with log(sSFR/yr-1) < -11 have a low probability (4/12) of possessing detectable H I in their CGM, while all galaxies (40/40) with log(sSFR/yr-1) > -11 have H I absorption. We conclude that sSFR is a good indicator of the presence of H I CGM. Interestingly however, G1547 is the only galaxy with log(sSFR/yr-1) > -11 that has no detectable CGM. Given the properties of G1547, and its absent CGM, it is plausible that G1547 is undergoing quenching due to a lack of accreting fuel for star formation, with an estimated quenching time-scale of 4 ± 1 Gyr. G1547 provides a unique perspective into the external mechanisms that could explain the migration of galaxies into the green valley.


(271)Blind H I and OH Absorption Line Search: First Results with MALS and uGMRT Processed Using ARTIP
  • N. Gupta,
  • P. Jagannathan,
  • R. Srianand,
  • S. Bhatnagar,
  • P. Noterdaeme
  • +30
  • F. Combes,
  • P. Petitjean,
  • J. Jose,
  • S. Pandey,
  • C. Kaski,
  • A. J. Baker,
  • S. A. Balashev,
  • E. Boettcher,
  • H. -W. Chen,
  • C. Cress,
  • R. Dutta,
  • S. Goedhart,
  • G. Heald,
  • G. I. G. Józsa,
  • E. Kamau,
  • P. Kamphuis,
  • J. Kerp,
  • H. -R. Klöckner,
  • K. Knowles,
  • V. Krishnan,
  • J. -. K. Krogager,
  • V. P. Kulkarni,
  • E. Momjian,
  • K. Moodley,
  • S. Passmoor,
  • A. Schröeder,
  • S. Sekhar,
  • S. Sikhosana,
  • J. Wagenveld,
  • O. I. Wong
  • (less)
The Astrophysical Journal (01/2021) doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abcb85
abstract + abstract -

We present details of the Automated Radio Telescope Imaging Pipeline (ARTIP) and the results of a sensitive blind search for H I and OH absorbers at z < 0.4 and z < 0.7, respectively. ARTIP is written in Python 3.6, extensively uses the Common Astronomy Software Application tools and tasks, and is designed to enable the geographically distributed MeerKAT Absorption Line Survey (MALS) team to collaboratively process large volumes of radio interferometric data. We apply it to the first MALS data set obtained using the 64-dish MeerKAT radio telescope and 32 K channel mode of the correlator. With merely 40 minutes on target, we present the most sensitive spectrum of PKS 1830-211 ever obtained and characterize the known H I (z = 0.19) and OH (z = 0.89) absorbers. We further demonstrate ARTIP's capabilities to handle realistic observing scenarios by applying it to a sample of 72 bright radio sources observed with the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT) to blindly search for H I and OH absorbers. We estimate the numbers of H I and OH absorbers per unit redshift to be n21(z ∼ 0.18) < 0.14 and nOH(z ∼ 0.40) < 0.12, respectively, and constrain the cold gas covering factor of galaxies at large impact parameters (50 kpc < ρ < 150 kpc) to be less than 0.022. Due to the small redshift path, Δz ∼ 13 for H I with column density >5.4 × 1019 cm-2, the survey has probed only the outskirts of star-forming galaxies at ρ > 30 kpc. MALS with the expected Δz ∼ 103-4 will overcome this limitation and provide stringent constraints on the cold gas fraction of galaxies in diverse environments over 0 < z < 1.5.


(270)The diffuse interstellar band around 8620 Å. I. Methods and application to the GIBS data set
  • H. Zhao,
  • M. Schultheis,
  • A. Recio-Blanco,
  • G. Kordopatis,
  • P. de Laverny
  • +4
  • A. Rojas-Arriagada,
  • M. Zoccali,
  • F. Surot,
  • E. Valenti
  • (less)
Astronomy and Astrophysics (01/2021) doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039736
abstract + abstract -

Context. Diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) are interstellar absorption features that widely exist in the optical and near-infrared wavelength range. DIBs play an important role in the lifecycle of the interstellar medium and can also be used to trace the Galactic structure.
Aims: We developed a set of procedures to automatically detect and measure the DIB around 8620 Å (the Gaia DIB) for a wide range of temperatures. The method was tested on ~5000 spectra from the Giraffe Inner Bulge Survey (GIBS) that has a spectral window similar to that of the Gaia-RVS spectra. Based on this sample, we studied the correlation between the equivalent width (EW) of the Gaia DIB and the interstellar reddening E(J - KS) toward the inner Galaxy, as well as the DIB intrinsic properties.
Methods: Our procedure automatically checks and eliminates invalid cases, and then applies a specific local normalization. The DIB profile is fit with a Gaussian function. Specifically, the DIB feature is extracted from the spectra of late-type stars by subtracting the corresponding synthetic spectra. For early-type stars we applied a specific model based on the Gaussian process that needs no prior knowledge of the stellar parameters. In addition, we provide the errors contributed by the synthetic spectra and from the random noise.
Results: After validation, we obtained 4194 reasonable fitting results from the GIBS database. An EW versus E(J - KS) relation is derived as E(J - KS) = 1.875 (±0.152) × EW - 0.011 (±0.048), according to E(B - V)/EW = 2.721, which is highly consistent with previous results toward similar sightlines. After a correction based on the Vista Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV) database for both EW and reddening, the coefficient derived from individual GIBS fields, E(J - KS)/EW = 1.884 ± 0.225, is also in perfect agreement with literature values. Based on a subsample of 1015 stars toward the Galactic center within - 3° < b < 3° and - 6° < l < 3°, we determined a rest-frame wavelength of the Gaia DIB as 8620.55 Å.
Conclusions: The procedures for automatic detection and measurement of the Gaia DIB are successfully developed and have been applied to the GIBS spectra. A Gaussian profile is proved to be a proper and stable assumption for the Gaia DIB as no intrinsic asymmetry is found. A tight linearity of its correlation with the reddening is derived toward the inner Milky Way, which is consistent with previous results.

The catalog is only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/645/A14


MIAPbP
(269)Covariance of the matter power spectrum including the survey window function effect: N -body simulations versus fifth-order perturbation theory on grids
  • Atsushi Taruya,
  • Takahiro Nishimichi,
  • Donghui Jeong
Physical Review D (01/2021) doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.103.023501
abstract + abstract -

We present a next-to-next-to-leading (fifth or NNLO) order calculation for the covariance matrix of the matter power spectrum, taking into account the effect of survey window functions. Using the grid-based calculation scheme for the standard perturbation theory, GridSPT, we quickly generate multiple realizations of the nonlinear density fields to fifth order in perturbation theory, then estimate the power spectrum and the covariance matrix from the sample. To the end, we have obtained the non-Gaussian covariance originated from the one-loop trispectrum without explicitly computing the trispectrum. By comparing the GridSPT calculations with the N -body results, we show that NNLO GridSPT result reproduces the N -body results on quasilinear scales, where SPT accurately models nonlinear matter power spectrum. Incorporating the survey window function effect to GridSPT is rather straightforward, and the resulting NNLO covariance matrix also matches well with the N -body results.


RU-D
(268)A new view of observed galaxies through 3D modelling and visualisation
  • T. Dykes,
  • C. Gheller,
  • B. S. Koribalski,
  • K. Dolag,
  • M. Krokos
Astronomy and Computing (01/2021) doi:10.1016/j.ascom.2021.100448
abstract + abstract -

Observational astronomers survey the sky in great detail to gain a better understanding of many types of astronomical phenomena. In particular, the formation and evolution of galaxies, including our own, are a wide field of research. Three dimensional (spatial 3D) scientific visualisation is typically limited to simulated galaxies, due to the inherently two dimensional spatial resolution of Earth-based observations. However, with appropriate means of reconstruction, such visualisation can also be used to bring out the inherent 3D structure that exists in 2D observations of known galaxies, providing new views of these galaxies and visually illustrating the spatial relationships within galaxy groups that are not obvious in 2D. We present a novel approach to reconstruct and visualise 3D representations of nearby galaxies based on observational data using the scientific visualisation software Splotch. We apply our approach to a case study of the nearby barred spiral galaxy known as M83, presenting a new perspective of the M83 local group and highlighting the similarities between our reconstructed views of M83 and other known galaxies of similar inclinations.


(267)A new class of fossil fragments from the hierarchical assembly of the Galactic bulge
  • F. R. Ferraro,
  • C. Pallanca,
  • B. Lanzoni,
  • C. Crociati,
  • E. Dalessandro
  • +10
  • L. Origlia,
  • R. M. Rich,
  • S. Saracino,
  • A. Mucciarelli,
  • E. Valenti,
  • D. Geisler,
  • F. Mauro,
  • S. Villanova,
  • C. Moni Bidin,
  • G. Beccari
  • (less)
Nature Astronomy (01/2021) doi:10.1038/s41550-020-01267-y
abstract + abstract -

The formation and evolutionary processes of galaxy bulges are still unclear, and the presence of young stars in the bulge of the Milky Way is largely debated. We recently demonstrated that Terzan 5, in the Galactic bulge, is a complex stellar system hosting stars with very different ages and a striking chemical similarity to the field population. This indicates that its progenitor was probably one of the giant structures that are thought to generate bulges through coalescence. Here we show that another globular cluster-like system in the bulge (Liller 1) hosts two distinct stellar populations with remarkably different ages: only 1-3 Gyr for the youngest, and 12 Gyr for the oldest, which is impressively similar to the old component of Terzan 5. This discovery classifies Liller 1 and Terzan 5 as sites of recent star formation in the Galactic bulge and provides clear observational proof that the hierarchical assembly of primordial massive structures contributed to the formation of the Milky Way spheroid.


(266)The Connection between Mergers and AGN Activity in Simulated and Observed Massive Galaxies
  • Ray S. Sharma,
  • Ena Choi,
  • Rachel S. Somerville,
  • Gregory F. Snyder,
  • Dale D. Kocevski
  • +6
  • Michaela Hirschmann,
  • Benjamin P. Moster,
  • Thorsten Naab,
  • Desika Narayanan,
  • Jeremiah P. Ostriker,
  • David J. Rosario
  • (less)
arXiv e-prints (01/2021) e-Print:2101.01729
abstract + abstract -

We analyze a suite of $30$ high resolution zoom-in cosmological hydrodynamic simulations of massive galaxies with stellar masses $M_{\ast} > 10^{10.9} M_\odot$, with the goal of better understanding merger activity in AGN, AGN activity in merging systems, SMBH growth during mergers, and the role of gas content. Using the radiative transfer code \textsc{Powderday}, we generate HST-WFC3 F160W synthetic observations of redshift $0.5 < z < 3$ central galaxies, add noise properties similar to the CANDELS survey, and measure morphological properties from the synthetic images using commonly adopted non-parametric statistics. We compare the distributions of morphological properties measured from the synthetic images with a sample of inactive galaxies and X-ray selected AGN hosts from CANDELS. We study the connection between mergers and AGN activity in the simulations, the synthetic images, and the observed CANDELS sample. We find that, in both the simulations and CANDELS, even the most luminous $(L_{\rm bol} > 10^{45}$ erg s$^{-1})$ AGN in our sample are no more likely than inactive galaxies $(L_{\rm bol} < 10^{43}$ erg s$^{-1})$ to be found in merging systems. We also find that AGN activity is not overall enhanced by mergers, nor enhanced at any specific time in the $1$ Gyr preceding and following a merger. Even gas rich major mergers (stellar mass ratio $>$1:4) do not necessarily enhance AGN activity or significantly grow the central SMBH. We conclude that in the simulated massive galaxies studied here, mergers are not the primary drivers of AGN.


CN-5
RU-D
(265)The fully developed remnant of a neutrino-driven supernova. Evolution of ejecta structure and asymmetries in SNR Cassiopeia A
  • S. Orlando,
  • A. Wongwathanarat,
  • H. -T. Janka,
  • M. Miceli,
  • M. Ono
  • +3
  • S. Nagataki,
  • F. Bocchino,
  • G. Peres
  • (less)
Astronomy and Astrophysics (01/2021) doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039335
abstract + abstract -

Context. The remnants of core-collapse supernovae (SNe) are probes of the physical processes associated with their parent SNe.
Aims: Here we aim to explore to which extent the remnant keeps memory of the asymmetries that develop stochastically in the neutrino-heating layer due to hydrodynamic instabilities (e.g., convective overturn and the standing accretion shock instability; SASI) during the first second after core bounce.
Methods: We coupled a three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic model of a neutrino-driven SN explosion, which has the potential to reproduce the observed morphology of the Cassiopeia A (Cas A) remnant, with 3D (magneto)-hydrodynamic simulations of the remnant formation. The simulations cover ≈2000 yr of expansion and include all physical processes relevant to describe the complexities in the SN evolution and the subsequent interaction of the stellar debris with the wind of the progenitor star.
Results: The interaction of large-scale asymmetries left from the earliest phases of the explosion with the reverse shock produces, at the age of ≈350 yr, an ejecta structure and a remnant morphology which are remarkably similar to those observed in Cas A. Small-scale structures in the large-scale Fe-rich plumes that were created during the initial stages of the SN, combined with hydrodynamic instabilities that develop after the passage of the reverse shock, naturally produce a pattern of ring- and crown-like structures of shocked ejecta. The consequence is a spatial inversion of the ejecta layers with Si-rich ejecta being physically interior to Fe-rich ejecta. The full-fledged remnant shows voids and cavities in the innermost unshocked ejecta, which are physically connected with ring-like features of shocked ejecta in the main shell in most cases, resulting from the expansion of Fe-rich plumes and their inflation due to the decay of radioactive species. The asymmetric distributions of 44Ti and 56Fe, which are mostly concentrated in the northern hemisphere, and pointing opposite to the kick velocity of the neutron star, as well as their abundance ratio are both compatible with those inferred from high-energy observations of Chandra and NuSTAR. Finally, the simulations show that the fingerprints of the SN can still be visible ≈2000 yr after the explosion.
Conclusions: The main asymmetries and features observed in the ejecta distribution of Cas A can be explained by the interaction of the reverse shock with the initial large-scale asymmetries that developed from stochastic processes (e.g., convective overturn and SASI activity) that originate during the first seconds of the SN blast.

Movies associated to Figs. 7, 8, 12, 15 are available at https://www.aanda.org


RU-D
(264)The kinematics and dark matter fractions of TNG50 galaxies at z = 2 from an observational perspective
  • Hannah Übler,
  • Shy Genel,
  • Amiel Sternberg,
  • Reinhard Genzel,
  • Sedona H. Price
  • +11
  • Natascha M. Förster Schreiber,
  • Taro T. Shimizu,
  • Annalisa Pillepich,
  • Dylan Nelson,
  • Andreas Burkert,
  • Ric Davies,
  • Lars Hernquist,
  • Philipp Lang,
  • Dieter Lutz,
  • Rüdiger Pakmor,
  • Linda J. Tacconi
  • (less)
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (01/2021) doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3464
abstract + abstract -

We contrast the gas kinematics and dark matter contents of z = 2 star-forming galaxies (SFGs) from state-of-the-art cosmological simulations within the ΛCDM framework to observations. To this end, we create realistic mock observations of massive SFGs ( $M_*\gt 4\times 10^{10} \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot}$ , SFR >50 M yr-1) from the TNG50 simulation of the IllustrisTNG suite, resembling near-infrared, adaptive-optics assisted integral-field observations from the ground. Using observational line fitting and modelling techniques, we analyse in detail the kinematics of seven TNG50 galaxies from five different projections per galaxy, and compare them to observations of twelve massive SFGs by Genzel et al. (2020). The simulated galaxies show clear signs of disc rotation but mostly exhibit more asymmetric rotation curves, partly due to large intrinsic radial and vertical velocity components. At identical inclination angle, their 1D velocity profiles can vary along different lines of sight by up to Δv = 200 km s-1. From dynamical modelling we infer rotation speeds and velocity dispersions that are broadly consistent with observational results. We find low central dark matter fractions compatible with observations ( $f_{\rm DM}^v(\lt R_e)=v_{\rm DM}^2(R_e)/v_{\rm circ}^2(R_e)\sim 0.32\pm 0.10$ ), however for disc effective radii Re that are mostly too small: at fixed Re the TNG50 dark matter fractions are too high by a factor of ∼2. We speculate that the differences in gas kinematics and dark matter content compared to the observations may be due to physical processes that are not resolved in sufficient detail with the numerical resolution available in current cosmological simulations.


IDSL
RU-E
(263)Structured sequences emerge from random pool when replicated by templated ligation
  • Patrick Kudella,
  • Alexei Tkachenko,
  • Annalena Salditt,
  • Sergei Maslov and Dieter Braun
abstract + abstract -

The central question in the origin of life is to understand how structure can emerge from randomness. The Eigen theory of replication states, for sequences that are copied one base at a time, that the replication fidelity has to surpass an error threshold to avoid that replicated specific sequences become random because of the incorporated replication errors [M. Eigen, Naturwissenschaften 58 (10), 465–523 (1971)]. Here, we showed that linking short oligomers from a random sequence pool in a templated ligation reaction reduced the sequence space of product strands. We started from 12-mer oligonucleotides with two bases in all possible combinations and triggered enzymatic ligation under temperature cycles. Surprisingly, we found the robust creation of long, highly structured sequences with low entropy. At the ligation site, complementary and alternating sequence patterns developed. However, between the ligation sites, we found either an A-rich or a T-rich sequence within a single oligonucleotide. Our modeling suggests that avoidance of hairpins was the likely cause for these two complementary sequence pools. What emerged was a network of complementary sequences that acted both as templates and substrates of the reaction. This self-selecting ligation reaction could be restarted by only a few majority sequences. The findings showed that replication by random templated ligation from a random sequence input will lead to a highly structured, long, and nonrandom sequence pool. This is a favorable starting point for a subsequent Darwinian evolution searching for higher catalytic functions in an RNA world scenario.


(262)A diffusiophoretic mechanism for ATP-driven transport without motor proteins
  • Beatrice Ramm,
  • Andriy Goychuk,
  • Alena Khmelinskaia,
  • Philipp Blumhardt,
  • Hiromune Eto
  • +3
  • Kristina A. Ganzinger,
  • Erwin Frey,
  • Petra Schwille
  • (less)
Nature Physics (2021) doi:10.1038/s41567-021-01213-3
abstract + abstract -

The healthy growth and maintenance of a biological system depends on the precise spatial organization of molecules within the cell through the dissipation of energy. Reaction-diffusion mechanisms can facilitate this organization, as can directional cargo transport orchestrated by motor proteins, by relying on specific protein interactions. However, transport of material through the cell can also be achieved by active processes based on non-specific, purely physical mechanisms, a phenomenon that remains poorly explored. Here, using a combined experimental and theoretical approach, we discover and describe a hidden function of the Escherichia coli MinDE protein system: in addition to forming dynamic patterns, this system accomplishes the directional active transport of functionally unrelated cargo on membranes. Remarkably, this mechanism enables the sorting of diffusive objects according to their effective size, as evidenced using modular DNA origami-streptavidin nanostructures. We show that the diffusive fluxes of MinDE and non-specific cargo couple via density-dependent friction. This non-specific process constitutes a diffusiophoretic mechanism, as yet unknown in a cell biology setting. This nonlinear coupling between diffusive fluxes could represent a generic physical mechanism for establishing intracellular organization.


RU-A
(261)Searching for New Physics with (\bar {\mathcal {B}}(B_{s,d}\to \mu \bar \mu )/\Delta M_{s,d})
  • C. Bobeth,
  • A. J. Buras
Acta Physica Polonica B (2021) doi:10.5506/APhysPolB.52.1189
abstract + abstract -

We reemphasize that the ratio $R_{s\mu} \equiv \overline{\mathcal{B}}(B_s\to\mu\bar\mu)/\Delta M_s$ is a measure of the tension of the Standard Model (SM) with latest measurements of $\overline{\mathcal{B}}(B_s\to\mu\bar\mu)$ that does not suffer from the persistent puzzle on the $|V_{cb}|$ determinations from inclusive versus exclusive $b\to c\ell\bar\nu$ decays and which affects the value of the CKM element $|V_{ts}|$ that is crucial for the SM predictions of both $\overline{\mathcal{B}}(B_s\to\mu\bar\mu)$ and $\Delta M_s$, but cancels out in the ratio $R_{s\mu}$. In our analysis we include higher order electroweak and QED corrections und adapt the latest hadronic input to find a tension of about $2\sigma$ for $R_{s\mu}$ measurements with the SM independently of $|V_{ts}|$. We also discuss the ratio $R_{d\mu}$ which could turn out, in particular in correlation with $R_{s\mu}$, to be useful for the search for New Physics, when the data on both ratios improves. Also $R_{d\mu}$ is independent of $|V_{cb}|$ or more precisely $|V_{td}|$.


RU-A
(260)The (\varepsilon '/\varepsilon )-story: 1976–2021
  • A. J. Buras
Acta Physica Polonica B (2021) doi:10.5506/APhysPolB.52.7
abstract + abstract -

The ratio $\epsilon'/\epsilon$ measures the size of the direct CP violation in $K_L\to\pi\pi$ decays $(\epsilon^\prime)$ relative to the indirect one described by $\epsilon$ and is very sensitive to new sources of CP violation. As such it played a prominent role in particle physics already for 45 years. Due to the smallness of $\epsilon'/\epsilon$ its measurement required heroic efforts in the 1980s and the 1990s on both sides of the Atlantic with final results presented by NA48 and KTeV collaborations 20 years ago. Unfortunately, even 45 years after the first calculation of $\epsilon'/\epsilon$ we do not know to which degree the Standard Model agrees with this data and how large is the room left for new physics contributions to this ratio. This is due to significant non-perturbative (hadronic) uncertainties accompanied by partial cancellation between the QCD penguin contributions and electroweak penguin contributions. While the significant control over the short distance perturbative effects has been achieved already in the early 1990s, with several improvements since then, different views on the non-perturbative contributions to $\epsilon'/\epsilon$ have been expressed by different authors over last thirty years. In fact even today the uncertainty in the room left for NP contributions to $\epsilon'/\epsilon$ is very significant. My own work on $\epsilon'/\epsilon$ started in 1983 and involved both perturbative and non-perturbative calculations. This writing is a non-technical recollection of the steps which led to the present status of $\epsilon'/\epsilon$ including several historical remarks not known to everybody. The present status of the $\Delta I=1/2$ rule is also summarized. This story is dedicated to Jean-Marc Gerard on the occasion of the 35th anniversary of our collaboration and his 64th birthday.


(259)The two phases of core formation – orbital evolution in the centres of ellipticals with supermassive black hole binaries
  • M. Frigo,
  • T. Naab,
  • A. Rantala,
  • P.H. Johansson,
  • B. Neureiter
  • +2
Mon.Not.Roy.Astron.Soc. (2021) e-Print:2109.09996 doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2754
abstract + abstract -

The flat stellar density cores of massive elliptical galaxies form rapidly due to sinking supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in gas-poor galaxy mergers. After the SMBHs form a bound binary, gravitational slingshot interactions with nearby stars drive the core regions towards a tangentially biased stellar velocity distribution. We use collisionless galaxy merger simulations with accurate collisional orbit integration around the central SMBHs to demonstrate that the removal of stars from the centre by slingshot kicks accounts for the entire change in velocity anisotropy. The rate of strong (unbinding) kicks is constant over several hundred Myr at |$\sim 3 \ \mathrm{ M}_\odot\, \rm yr^{-1}$| for our most massive SMBH binary (M_BH = 1.7 × 10^10 M_⊙). Using a frequency-based orbit classification scheme (box, x-tube, z-tube, rosette), we demonstrate that slingshot kicks mostly affect box orbits with small pericentre distances, leading to a velocity anisotropy of β ≲ −0.6 within several hundred Myr as observed in massive ellipticals with large cores. We show how different SMBH masses affect the orbital structure of the merger remnants and present a kinematic tomography connecting orbit families to integral field kinematic features. Our direct orbit classification agrees remarkably well with a modern triaxial Schwarzschild analysis applied to simulated mock kinematic maps.


CN-4
PhD Thesis
RU-C
(258)Cosmological distances of type II supernovae from radiative transfer modeling
  • Christian Vogl - Advisor: Wolfgang Hillebrandt
(7/2020) link
abstract + abstract -

There is a great need for independent accurate measurements of the Hubble constant (H0). We establish a new one-step method to determine H0 based on radiative transfer modeling of type II supernovae and demonstrate its utility in a proof-of-principle measurement. In this first-ever application of the tailored-expanding-photosphere method in the Hubble flow, we find H0=72.3 ± 2.9 km s-1 Mpc-1 in good agreement with state-of-the-art results.


CN-7
RU-A
(257)Strangeness in nuclei and neutron stars
  • L. Tolos,
  • L. Fabbietti
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics (5/2020) doi:10.1016/j.ppnp.2020.103770
abstract + abstract -

We review the present status of the experimental and theoretical developments in the field of strangeness in nuclei and neutron stars. We start by discussing the K ¯ N interaction, that is governed by the presence of the Λ(1405) . We continue by showing the two-pole nature of the Λ(1405) , and the production mechanisms in photon-, pion-, kaon-induced reactions as well as proton-proton collisions, while discussing the formation of K ¯ NN bound states. We then move to the theoretical and experimental analysis of the properties of kaons and antikaons in dense nuclear matter, paying a special attention to kaonic atoms and the analysis of strangeness creation and propagation in nuclear collisions. Next, we examine the ϕ meson and the advances in photoproduction, proton-induced and pion-induced reactions, so as to understand its properties in dense matter. Finally, we address the dynamics of hyperons with nucleons and nuclear matter, and the connection to the phases of dense matter with strangeness in the interior of neutron stars.


CN-8
PhD Thesis
RU-E
(256)Self-organization and molecular transport by a biological reaction-diffusion system
  • Beatrice Ramm - Advisor: Petra Schwille
abstract + abstract -

Spatiotemporal organization is key to transforming a “bag of molecules” into a functional cell capable of exerting complex tasks, such as chromosome segregation and cell division. In bacteria, molecular transport and positioning relies on protein systems centered around ParA-type ATPases, which serve as nucleotide-dependent molecular switches. Of these systems, the Escherichia coli MinCDE system, which self-organizes by a reaction-diffusion mechanism, has been studied the most extensively. Based on the ATPase MinD, its ATPase-activating protein MinE, the passenger protein MinC and the membrane as a reaction matrix, this minimal oscillator defines the midcell position in E. coli. In this thesis, I set out to further refine the understanding of the MinDE self-organization mechanism and to decipher additional roles of the MinDE system, by taking advantage of the established in vitro reconstitution assay of Min(C)DE self-organization. [...]


RU-D
(255)Planet migration, resonant locking, and accretion streams in PDS 70: comparing models and data
  • Claudia Toci,
  • Giuseppe Lodato,
  • Valentin Christiaens,
  • Davide Fedele,
  • Christophe Pinte
  • +2
  • Daniel J. Price,
  • Leonardo Testi
  • (less)
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (12/2020) doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2933
abstract + abstract -

The disc surrounding PDS 70, with two directly imaged embedded giant planets, is an ideal laboratory to study planet-disc interaction. We present 3D smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of the system. In our simulations, planets, which are free to migrate and accrete mass, end up in a locked resonant configuration that is dynamically stable. We show that features observed at infrared (scattered light) and millimetre (thermal continuum) wavelengths are naturally explained by the accretion stream on to the outer planet, without requiring a circumplanetary disc around Planet c. We post-processed our near-infrared synthetic images in order to account for observational biases known to affect high-contrast images. Our successful reproduction of the observations indicates that planet-disc dynamical interactions alone are sufficient to explain the observations of PDS 70.


(254)Deep learning Blazar classification based on multifrequency spectral energy distribution data
  • Bernardo M.O. Fraga,
  • Ulisses Barres de Almeida,
  • Clecio R. Bom,
  • Carlos H. Brandt,
  • Paolo Giommi
  • +2
  • Patrick Schubert,
  • Marcio P. de Albuquerque
  • (less)
Mon.Not.Roy.Astron.Soc. (12/2020) e-Print:2012.15340 doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1349
abstract + abstract -

Blazars are among the most studied sources in high-energy astrophysics as they form the largest fraction of extragalactic gamma-ray sources and are considered prime candidates for being the counterparts of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos. Their reliable identification amid the many faint radio sources is a crucial step for multimessenger counterpart associations. As the astronomical community prepares for the coming of a number of new facilities able to survey the non-thermal sky at unprecedented depths, from radio to gamma-rays, machine-learning techniques for fast and reliable source identification are ever more relevant. The purpose of this work was to develop a deep learning architecture to identify Blazar within a population of active galactic nucleus (AGN) based solely on non-contemporaneous spectral energy distribution information, collected from publicly available multifrequency catalogues. This study uses an unprecedented amount of data, with spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for ≈14 000 sources collected with the Open Universe VOU-Blazars tool. It uses a convolutional long short-term memory neural network purposefully built for the problem of SED classification, which we describe in detail and validate. The network was able to distinguish Blazars from other types of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to a satisfying degree (achieving a receiver operating characteristic area under curve of 0.98), even when trained on a reduced subset of the whole sample. This initial study does not attempt to classify Blazars among their different sub-classes, or quantify the likelihood of any multifrequency or multimessenger association, but is presented as a step towards these more practically oriented applications.


RU-C
(253)Responses of Halo Occupation Distributions: a new ingredient in the halo model & the impact on galaxy bias
  • Rodrigo Voivodic,
  • Alexandre Barreira
abstract + abstract -

Halo occupation distribution (HOD) models describe the number of galaxies that reside in different haloes, and are widely used in galaxy-halo connection studies using the halo model (HM). Here, we introduce and study HOD response functions R


(252)Higgs-mass predictions in the MSSM and beyond
  • P. Slavich,
  • S. Heinemeyer,
  • E. Bagnaschi,
  • H. Bahl,
  • M. Goodsell
  • +34
  • H.E. Haber,
  • T. Hahn,
  • R. Harlander,
  • W. Hollik,
  • G. Lee,
  • M. Mühlleitner,
  • S. Paßehr,
  • H. Rzehak,
  • D. Stöckinger,
  • A. Voigt,
  • C.E.M. Wagner,
  • G. Weiglein,
  • B.C. Allanach,
  • T. Biekötter,
  • S. Borowka,
  • J. Braathen,
  • M. Carena,
  • T.N. Dao,
  • G. Degrassi,
  • F. Domingo,
  • P. Drechsel,
  • U. Ellwanger,
  • M. Gabelmann,
  • R. Gröber,
  • J. Klappert,
  • T. Kwasnitza,
  • D. Meuser,
  • L. Mihaila,
  • N. Murphy,
  • K. Nickel,
  • W. Porod,
  • E.A. Reyes Rojas,
  • I. Sobolev,
  • F. Staub
  • (less)
abstract + abstract -

Predictions for the Higgs masses are a distinctive feature of supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model, where they play a crucial role in constraining the parameter space. The discovery of a Higgs boson and the remarkably precise measurement of its mass at the LHC have spurred new efforts aimed at improving the accuracy of the theoretical predictions for the Higgs masses in supersymmetric models. The “Precision SUSY Higgs Mass Calculation Initiative” (KUTS) was launched in 2014 to provide a forum for discussions between the different groups involved in these efforts. This report aims to present a comprehensive overview of the current status of Higgs-mass calculations in supersymmetric models, to document the many advances that were achieved in recent years and were discussed during the KUTS meetings, and to outline the prospects for future improvements in these calculations.


(251)On the characteristics of fast neutrino flavor instabilities in three-dimensional core-collapse supernova models
  • Sajad Abbar,
  • Francesco Capozzi,
  • Robert Glas,
  • H.-Thomas Janka,
  • Irene Tamborra
abstract + abstract -

We assess the occurrence of fast neutrino flavor instabilities in two three-dimensional state-of-the-art core-collapse supernova simulations performed using a two-moment three-species neutrino transport scheme: one with an exploding 9M⊙ and one with a nonexploding 20M⊙ model. Apart from confirming the presence of fast instabilities occurring within the neutrino decoupling and the supernova pre-shock regions, we detect flavor instabilities in the post-shock region for the exploding model. These instabilities are likely to be scattering-induced. In addition, the failure in achieving a successful explosion in the heavier supernova model seems to seriously hinder the occurrence of fast instabilities in the post-shock region. This is a consequence of the large matter densities behind the stalled or retreating shock, which implies high neutrino scattering rates and thus more isotropic distributions of neutrinos and antineutrinos. Our findings suggest that the supernova model properties and the fate of the explosion can remarkably affect the occurrence of fast instabilities. Hence, a larger set of realistic hydrodynamical simulations of the stellar collapse is needed in order to make reliable predictions on the flavor conversion physics.


(250)Mu-Tau Neutrinos: Influencing Fast Flavor Conversions in Supernovae
  • Francesco Capozzi,
  • Madhurima Chakraborty,
  • Sovan Chakraborty,
  • Manibrata Sen
Physical Review Letters (12/2020) doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.251801
abstract + abstract -

Neutrinos in a core-collapse supernova can undergo fast flavor conversions with a possible impact on the explosion mechanism and nucleosynthesis. We perform the first nonlinear simulations of fast conversions in the presence of three neutrino flavors. The recent supernova simulations with muon production call for such an analysis, as they relax the standard νμ ,τ¯ μ ,τ (two-flavor) assumption. Our results show the significance of muon and tau lepton number angular distributions, together with the traditional electron lepton number ones. Indeed, our three-flavor results are potentially very different from two-flavor ones. These results strengthen the need to further investigate the occurrence of fast conversions in supernova simulation data, including the degeneracy breaking of mu and tau neutrinos.


(249)Polarization angle measurement of LiteBIRD low frequency telescope scaled model
  • Hayato Takakura,
  • Yutaro Sekimoto,
  • Junji Inatani,
  • Shingo Kashima,
  • Masahiro Sugimoto
Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series (12/2020) doi:10.1117/12.2560419
abstract + abstract -

LiteBIRD is JAXA Strategic Large Mission for the late 2020s that aims to observe the large-scale B-mode polarization pattern of the cosmic microwave background. One of its telescopes, the Low Frequency Telescope (LFT), has a crossed-Dragone design and observes at 34-161 GHz with a field of view of 18° x 9°. Because a miscalibration of the polarization angles mixes E- and B-mode polarization, we have measured the variation of the polarization angles in the field of view of a 1/4-scaled LFT antenna at 140-220 GHz, which corresponds to 35-55 GHz for the full-scale LFT, considering a scaling of the wavelength. We placed a collimated-wave source near the scaled-LFT aperture and rotated the polarization angle of the LFT feed. The measurements were explained well with a simple Jones matrix calculation, and the fitting errors of the polarization angles were less than 0.1'. We also measured the polarization angles by rotating the polarization direction in the scaled-LFT aperture, and the results were consistent with the angles measured by rotating the feed polarization at the +/-10" level, except at the lowest frequencies. The polarization angle at the edges of the focal plane varied from that at the center by up to around a degree, with larger variation at lower frequencies. We evaluated the polarization angles for both Pol-X and Pol-Y feeds, and the results with Pol-Y showed a trend consistent with ray-tracing simulations. The results for Pol-X showed the opposite trend of the polarization rotation direction and larger angle variations.


(248)Five New Post-main-sequence Debris Disks with Gaseous Emission
  • Erik Dennihy,
  • Siyi Xu,
  • Samuel Lai,
  • Amy Bonsor,
  • J. C. Clemens
  • +11
  • Patrick Dufour,
  • Boris T. Gaensicke,
  • Nicola Pietro Gentile Fusillo,
  • Francois Hardy,
  • R. J. Hegedus,
  • J. J. Hermes,
  • B. C. Kaiser,
  • Markus Kissler-Patig,
  • Beth Klein,
  • Christopher J. Manser,
  • Joshua S. Reding
  • (less)
abstract + abstract -

Observations of debris disks, the products of the collisional evolution of rocky planetesimals, can be used to trace planetary activity across a wide range of stellar types. The most common end points of stellar evolution are no exception as debris disks have been observed around several dozen white dwarf stars. But instead of planetary formation, post-main-sequence debris disks are a signpost of planetary destruction, resulting in compact debris disks from the tidal disruption of remnant planetesimals. In this work, we present the discovery of five new debris disks around white dwarf stars with gaseous debris in emission. All five systems exhibit excess infrared radiation from dusty debris, emission lines from gaseous debris, and atmospheric absorption features indicating on-going accretion of metal-rich debris. In four of the systems, we detect multiple metal species in emission, some of which occur at strengths and transitions previously unseen in debris disks around white dwarf stars. Our first year of spectroscopic follow-up hints at strong variability in the emission lines that can be studied in the future, expanding the range of phenomena these post-main-sequence debris disks exhibit.


(247)Simulation of the cosmic ray effects for the LiteBIRD satellite observing the CMB B-mode polarization
  • Mayu Tominaga,
  • Masahiro Tsujimoto,
  • Samantha Lynn Stever,
  • Tommaso Ghigna,
  • HIrokazu Ishino
  • +1
Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series (12/2020) doi:10.1117/12.2576127
abstract + abstract -

The LiteBIRD satellite is planned to be launched by JAXA in the late 2020s. Its main purpose is to observe the large-scale B-mode polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anticipated from the Inflation theory. LiteBIRD will observe the sky for three years at the second Lagrangian point (L2) of the Sun-Earth system. Planck was the predecessor for observing the CMB at L2, and the onboard High Frequency Instrument (HFI) suffered contamination by glitches caused by the cosmic-ray (CR) hits. We consider the CR hits can also be a serious source of the systematic uncertainty for LiteBIRD. Thus, we have started a comprehensive end-to-end simulation study to assess impact of the CR hits for the LiteBIRD detectors. Here, we describe procedures to make maps and power spectra from the simulated time-ordered data, and present initial results. Our initial estimate is that ClBB by CR is ~ 2 ×10-6 μK2CMB in a one-year observation with 12 detectors assuming that the noise is 1 aW/ √ Hz for the differential mode of two detectors constituting a polarization pair.


MIAPbP
(246)Biasing Relation, Environmental Dependencies, and Estimation of the Growth Rate from Star-forming Galaxies
  • Adi Nusser,
  • Gustavo Yepes,
  • Enzo Branchini
The Astrophysical Journal (12/2020) doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abc42f
abstract + abstract -

The connection between galaxy star formation rate (SFR) and dark matter (DM) is of paramount importance for the extraction of cosmological information from next-generation spectroscopic surveys that will target emission line star-forming galaxies. Using publicly available mock galaxy catalogs obtained from various semianalytic models (SAMs), we explore the SFR-DM connection in relation to the speed-from-light method for inferring the growth rate, f, from luminosity/SFR shifts. Emphasis is given to the dependence of the SFR distribution on the environmental density on scales of 10-100 s Mpc. We show that the application of the speed-from-light method to a Euclid-like survey is not biased by environmental effects. In all models, the precision on the measured β = f/b parameter is σβ ≲ 0.17 at z = 1. This translates into errors of σf ∼ 0.22 and ${\sigma }_{(f{\sigma }_{8})}\sim 0.1$ without invoking assumptions on the mass power spectrum. These errors are in the same ballpark as recent analyses of the redshift space distortions in galaxy clustering. In agreement with previous studies, the bias factor, b, is roughly a scale-independent, constant function of the SFR for star-forming galaxies. Its value at z = 1 ranges from 1.2 to 1.5 depending on the SAM recipe. Although in all SAMs, denser environments host galaxies with higher stellar masses, the dependence of the SFR on the environment is more involved. In most models, the SFR probability distribution is skewed to larger values in denser regions. One model exhibits an inverted trend, where high SFR is suppressed in dense environments.


(245)Detector fabrication development for the LiteBIRD satellite mission
  • B. Westbrook,
  • C. Raum,
  • S. Beckman,
  • A. T. Lee,
  • N. Farias
  • +21
  • T. Sasse,
  • A. Suzuki,
  • E. Kane,
  • J. E. Austermann,
  • J. A. Beall,
  • S. M. Duff,
  • J. Hubmayr,
  • G. C. Hilton,
  • J. Van Lanen,
  • M. R. Vissers,
  • M. R. Link,
  • N. Halverson,
  • G. Jaehnig,
  • T. Ghinga,
  • S. Stever,
  • Y. Minami,
  • K. L. Thompson,
  • M. Russell,
  • K. Arnold,
  • J. Seibert,
  • M. Silva-Feaver
  • (less)
Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series (12/2020) doi:10.1117/12.2562978
abstract + abstract -

LiteBIRD is a JAXA-led strategic Large-Class satellite mission designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background and cosmic foregrounds from 34 to 448 GHz across the entire sky from L2 in the late 2020's. The primary focus of the mission is to measure primordially generated B-mode polarization at large angular scales. Beyond its primary scientific objective LiteBIRD will generate a data-set capable of probing a number of scientific inquiries including the sum of neutrino masses. The primary responsibility of United States will be to fabricate the three flight model focal plane units for the mission. The design and fabrication of these focal plane units is driven by heritage from ground based experiments and will include both lenslet-coupled sinuous antenna pixels and horn-coupled orthomode transducer pixels. The experiment will have three optical telescopes called the low frequency telescope, mid frequency telescope, and high frequency telescope each of which covers a portion of the mission's frequency range. JAXA is responsible for the construction of the low frequency telescope and the European Consortium is responsible for the mid- and high- frequency telescopes. The broad frequency coverage and low optical loading conditions, made possible by the space environment, require development and adaptation of detector technology recently deployed by other cosmic microwave background experiments. This design, fabrication, and characterization will take place at UC Berkeley, NIST, Stanford, and Colorado University, Boulder. We present the current status of the US deliverables to the LiteBIRD mission.


RU-B
(244)New constraints on supersymmetry using neutrino telescopes
  • S. Meighen-Berger,
  • M. Agostini,
  • A. Ibarra,
  • K. Krings,
  • H. Niederhausen
  • +3
  • A. Rappelt,
  • E. Resconi,
  • A. Turcati
  • (less)
Physics Letters B (12/2020) doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135929
abstract + abstract -

We demonstrate that megaton-mass neutrino telescopes are able to observe the signal from long-lived particles beyond the Standard Model, in particular the stau, the supersymmetric partner of the tau lepton. Its signature is an excess of charged particle tracks with horizontal arrival directions and energy deposits between 0.1 and 1 TeV inside the detector. We exploit this previously-overlooked signature to search for stau particles in the publicly available IceCube data. The data shows no evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model. We derive a new lower limit on the stau mass of 320 GeV (95% C.L.) and estimate that this new approach, when applied to the full data set available to the IceCube collaboration, will reach word-leading sensitivity to the stau mass (mτ∼ = 450 GeV).


RU-C
(243)Concept design of low frequency telescope for CMB B-mode polarization satellite LiteBIRD
  • Y. Sekimoto,
  • P. A. R. Ade,
  • A. Adler,
  • E. Allys,
  • K. Arnold
  • +232
  • D. Auguste,
  • J. Aumont,
  • R. Aurlien,
  • J. Austermann,
  • C. Baccigalupi,
  • A. J. Banday,
  • R. Banerji,
  • R. B. Barreiro,
  • S. Basak,
  • J. Beall,
  • D. Beck,
  • S. Beckman,
  • J. Bermejo,
  • P. de Bernardis,
  • M. Bersanelli,
  • J. Bonis,
  • J. Borrill,
  • F. Boulanger,
  • S. Bounissou,
  • M. Brilenkov,
  • M. Brown,
  • M. Bucher,
  • E. Calabrese,
  • P. Campeti,
  • A. Carones,
  • F. J. Casas,
  • A. Challinor,
  • V. Chan,
  • K. Cheung,
  • Y. Chinone,
  • J. F. Cliche,
  • L. Colombo,
  • F. Columbro,
  • J. Cubas,
  • A. Cukierman,
  • D. Curtis,
  • G. D'Alessandro,
  • N. Dachlythra,
  • M. De Petris,
  • C. Dickinson,
  • P. Diego-Palazuelos,
  • M. Dobbs,
  • T. Dotani,
  • L. Duband,
  • S. Duff,
  • J. M. Duval,
  • K. Ebisawa,
  • T. Elleflot,
  • H. K. Eriksen,
  • J. Errard,
  • T. Essinger-Hileman,
  • F. Finelli,
  • R. Flauger,
  • C. Franceschet,
  • U. Fuskeland,
  • M. Galloway,
  • K. Ganga,
  • J. R. Gao,
  • R. Genova-Santos,
  • M. Gerbino,
  • M. Gervasi,
  • T. Ghigna,
  • E. Gjerløw,
  • M. L. Gradziel,
  • J. Grain,
  • F. Grupp,
  • A. Gruppuso,
  • J. E. Gudmundsson,
  • T. de Haan,
  • N. W. Halverson,
  • P. Hargrave,
  • T. Hasebe,
  • M. Hasegawa,
  • M. Hattori,
  • M. Hazumi,
  • S. Henrot-Versillé,
  • D. Herman,
  • D. Herranz,
  • C. A. Hill,
  • G. Hilton,
  • Y. Hirota,
  • E. Hivon,
  • R. A. Hlozek,
  • Y. Hoshino,
  • E. de la Hoz,
  • J. Hubmayr,
  • K. Ichiki,
  • T. iida,
  • H. Imada,
  • K. Ishimura,
  • H. Ishino,
  • G. Jaehnig,
  • T. Kaga,
  • S. Kashima,
  • N. Katayama,
  • A. Kato,
  • T. Kawasaki,
  • R. Keskitalo,
  • T. Kisner,
  • Y. Kobayashi,
  • N. Kogiso,
  • A. Kogut,
  • K. Kohri,
  • E. Komatsu,
  • K. Komatsu,
  • K. Konishi,
  • N. Krachmalnicoff,
  • I. Kreykenbohm,
  • C. L. Kuo,
  • A. Kushino,
  • L. Lamagna,
  • J. V. Lanen,
  • M. Lattanzi,
  • A. T. Lee,
  • C. Leloup,
  • F. Levrier,
  • E. Linder,
  • T. Louis,
  • G. Luzzi,
  • T. Maciaszek,
  • B. Maffei,
  • D. Maino,
  • M. Maki,
  • S. Mandelli,
  • E. Martinez-Gonzalez,
  • S. Masi,
  • T. Matsumura,
  • A. Mennella,
  • M. Migliaccio,
  • Y. Minanmi,
  • K. Mitsuda,
  • J. Montgomery,
  • L. Montier,
  • G. Morgante,
  • B. Mot,
  • Y. Murata,
  • J. A. Murphy,
  • M. Nagai,
  • Y. Nagano,
  • T. Nagasaki,
  • R. Nagata,
  • S. Nakamura,
  • T. Namikawa,
  • P. Natoli,
  • S. Nerval,
  • T. Nishibori,
  • H. Nishino,
  • C. O'Sullivan,
  • H. Ogawa,
  • H. Ogawa,
  • S. Oguri,
  • H. Ohsaki,
  • I. S. Ohta,
  • N. Okada,
  • N. Okada,
  • L. Pagano,
  • A. Paiella,
  • D. Paoletti,
  • G. Patanchon,
  • J. Peloton,
  • F. Piacentini,
  • G. Pisano,
  • G. Polenta,
  • D. Poletti,
  • T. Prouvé,
  • G. Puglisi,
  • D. Rambaud,
  • C. Raum,
  • S. Realini,
  • M. Reinecke,
  • M. Remazeilles,
  • A. Ritacco,
  • G. Roudil,
  • J. A. Rubino-Martin,
  • M. Russell,
  • H. Sakurai,
  • Y. Sakurai,
  • M. Sandri,
  • M. Sasaki,
  • G. Savini,
  • D. Scott,
  • J. Seibert,
  • B. Sherwin,
  • K. Shinozaki,
  • M. Shiraishi,
  • P. Shirron,
  • G. Signorelli,
  • G. Smecher,
  • S. Stever,
  • R. Stompor,
  • H. Sugai,
  • S. Sugiyama,
  • A. Suzuki,
  • J. Suzuki,
  • T. L. Svalheim,
  • E. Switzer,
  • R. Takaku,
  • H. Takakura,
  • S. Takakura,
  • Y. Takase,
  • Y. Takeda,
  • A. Tartari,
  • E. Taylor,
  • Y. Terao,
  • H. Thommesen,
  • K. L. Thompson,
  • B. Thorne,
  • T. Toda,
  • M. Tomasi,
  • M. Tominaga,
  • N. Trappe,
  • M. Tristram,
  • M. Tsuji,
  • M. Tsujimoto,
  • C. Tucker,
  • J. Ullom,
  • G. Vermeulen,
  • P. Vielva,
  • F. Villa,
  • M. Vissers,
  • N. Vittorio,
  • I. Wehus,
  • J. Weller,
  • B. Westbrook,
  • J. Wilms,
  • B. Winter,
  • E. J. Wollack,
  • N. Y. Yamasaki,
  • T. Yoshida,
  • J. Yumoto,
  • M. Zannoni,
  • A. Zonca
  • (less)
Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series (12/2020) doi:10.1117/12.2561841
abstract + abstract -

LiteBIRD has been selected as JAXA's strategic large mission in the 2020s, to observe the cosmic microwave background (CMB) B-mode polarization over the full sky at large angular scales. The challenges of LiteBIRD are the wide field-of-view (FoV) and broadband capabilities of millimeter-wave polarization measurements, which are derived from the system requirements. The possible paths of stray light increase with a wider FoV and the far sidelobe knowledge of -56 dB is a challenging optical requirement. A crossed-Dragone configuration was chosen for the low frequency telescope (LFT : 34-161 GHz), one of LiteBIRD's onboard telescopes. It has a wide field-of-view (18° x 9°) with an aperture of 400 mm in diameter, corresponding to an angular resolution of about 30 arcminutes around 100 GHz. The focal ratio f/3.0 and the crossing angle of the optical axes of 90° are chosen after an extensive study of the stray light. The primary and secondary reflectors have rectangular shapes with serrations to reduce the diffraction pattern from the edges of the mirrors. The reflectors and structure are made of aluminum to proportionally contract from warm down to the operating temperature at 5 K. A 1/4 scaled model of the LFT has been developed to validate the wide field-of-view design and to demonstrate the reduced far sidelobes. A polarization modulation unit (PMU), realized with a half-wave plate (HWP) is placed in front of the aperture stop, the entrance pupil of this system. A large focal plane with approximately 1000 AlMn TES detectors and frequency multiplexing SQUID amplifiers is cooled to 100 mK. The lens and sinuous antennas have broadband capability. Performance specifications of the LFT and an outline of the proposed verification plan are presented.


(242)[N II] Fine-structure Emission at 122 and 205 μm in a Galaxy at z = 2.6: A Globally Dense Star-forming Interstellar Medium
  • M. J. Doherty,
  • J. E. Geach,
  • R. J. Ivison,
  • S. Dye
The Astrophysical Journal (12/2020) doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abc5b9
abstract + abstract -

We present new observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array of the 122 and 205 μm fine-structure line emission of singly ionized nitrogen in a strongly lensed starburst galaxy at z = 2.6. The 122/205 μm [N II] line ratio is sensitive to electron density, ${n}_{{\rm{e}}}$, in the ionized interstellar medium, and we use this to measure ne ≍ 300 cm-3, averaged across the galaxy. This is over an order of magnitude higher than the Milky Way average, comparable to localized Galactic star-forming regions. Combined with observations of the atomic carbon (C I) and carbon monoxide (CO J = 4-3) in the same system, we reveal the conditions in this intensely star-forming system. The majority of the molecular interstellar medium has been driven to high density, and the resultant conflagration of star formation produces a correspondingly dense ionized phase, presumably colocated with myriad H II regions that litter the gas-rich disk.


RU-C
(241)Breadboard model of the polarization modulator unit based on a continuously rotating half-wave plate for the low-frequency telescope of the LiteBIRD space mission
  • Yuki Sakurai,
  • Tomotake Matsumura,
  • Nobuhiko Katayama,
  • Kunimoto Komatsu,
  • Ryota Takaku
  • +21
  • Shinya Sugiyama,
  • Yoshiki Nomura,
  • Takayuki Toda,
  • Tommaso Ghigna,
  • Teruhito Iida,
  • Hajime Sugai,
  • Hiroaki Imada,
  • Masashi Hazumi,
  • Hirokazu Ishino,
  • Hiroyuki Ohsaki,
  • Yutaka Terao,
  • Hisashi Enokida,
  • Yusuke Ishida,
  • Yosuke Iwata,
  • Doa Ahmad,
  • Kuniaki Konishi,
  • Haruyuki Sakurai,
  • Junji Yumoto,
  • Makoto Kuwata-Gonokami,
  • Akito Kusaka,
  • Charles Hill
  • (less)
Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series (12/2020) doi:10.1117/12.2560289
abstract + abstract -

We present a breadboard model development status of the polarization modulator unit (PMU) for a low-frequency telescope (LFT) of the LiteBIRD space mission. LiteBIRD is a next-generation cosmic microwave background polarization satellite to measure the primordial B-mode with the science goal of σr < 0.001. The baseline design of LiteBIRD consists of reflective low-frequency and refractive medium-and-high-frequency telescopes. Each telescope employs the PMU based on a continuous rotating half-wave plate (HWP) at the aperture. The PMU is a critical instrument for the LiteBIRD to achieve the science goal because it significantly suppresses 1/f noise and mitigates systematic uncertainties. The LiteBIRD LFT PMU consists of a broadband achromatic HWP and a cryogenic rotation mechanism. In this presentation, we discuss requirements, design and systematic studies of the PMU, and we report the development status of the broadband HWP and the space-compatible cryogenic rotation mechanism.


(240)A polarization modulator unit for the mid- and high-frequency telescopes of the LiteBIRD mission
  • Fabio Columbro,
  • Paolo de Bernardis,
  • Luca Lamagna,
  • Silvia Masi,
  • Alessandro Paiella
  • +2
  • Francesco Piacentini,
  • Giampaolo Pisano
  • (less)
Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series (12/2020) doi:10.1117/12.2577818
abstract + abstract -

The LiteBIRD mission is a JAXA strategic L-class mission for all sky CMB surveys which will be launched in the 2020s. The main target of the mission is the detection of primordial gravitational waves with a sensitivity of the tensor-to-scalar ratio δr<0.001. The polarization modulator unit (PMU) represents a critical and powerful component to suppress 1/f noise contribution and mitigate systematic uncertainties induced by detector gain drift, both for the high-frequency telescope (HFT) and for the mid-frequency telescope (MFT). Each PMU is based on a continuously-rotating transmissive half-wave plate (HWP) held by a superconducting magnetic bearing in a 5K environment. In this contribution we will present the design and expected performance of the LiteBIRD PMUs and testing performed on every PMU subsystem with a room-temperature rotating disk used as a stand-in for the cryogenic HWP rotor.


(239)Simulating electromagnetic transfer function from the transmission antennae to the sensors vicinity in LiteBIRD
  • M. Tsuji,
  • M. Tsujimoto,
  • Y. Sekimoto,
  • T. Dotani,
  • M. Shiraishi
Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series (12/2020) doi:10.1117/12.2560899
abstract + abstract -

The electromagnetic interference (EMI) is becoming an increasingly important factor in the spacecraft design equipped with highly sensitive detectors. This is particularly the case for LiteBIRD, in which the TES bolometers are exposed to space through the optical path. A particular concern is radiative interference caused by the X-band transmission during the ground communication. As the end-to-end verification test will be conducted in a later phase of the development, we need to derisk the concern early using simulation. In this report, we present the result of the EMI effects in the 1-GHz frequency range based on the electromagnetic simulation using a finite difference time domain (FDTD) solver. We modeled the dominant large structures of the spacecraft, calculated the spatial transmission of the antenna power, and estimated the electric field strength at the detector focal plane. The simulation results helped constrain aspects of the LiteBIRD satellite, such as the forward/backward ratio of the transmission antenna, to reduce the coupling between the antenna and the detectors.


(238)The optical design of the Litebird middle and high frequency telescope
  • L. Lamagna,
  • J. E. Gudmundsson,
  • H. Imada,
  • P. Hargrave,
  • C. Franceschet
  • +24
  • M. De Petris,
  • J. Austermann,
  • S. Bounissou,
  • F. Columbro,
  • P. de Bernardis,
  • S. Henrot-Versillé,
  • J. Hubmayr,
  • G. Jaehnig,
  • R. Keskitalo,
  • B. Maffei,
  • S. Masi,
  • T. Matsumura,
  • L. Montier,
  • B. Mot,
  • F. Noviello,
  • C. O'Sullivan,
  • A. Paiella,
  • G. Pisano,
  • S. Realini,
  • A. Ritacco,
  • G. Savini,
  • A. Suzuki,
  • N. Trappe,
  • B. Winter
  • (less)
Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series (12/2020) doi:10.1117/12.2579233
abstract + abstract -

LiteBIRD is a JAXA strategic L-class mission devoted to the measurement of polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background, searching for the signature of primordial gravitational waves in the B-modes pattern of the polarization. The onboard instrumentation includes a Middle and High Frequency Telescope (MHFT), based on a pair of cryogenically cooled refractive telescopes covering, respectively, the 89-224 GHz and the 166-448 GHz bands. Given the high target sensitivity and the careful systematics control needed to achieve the scientific goals of the mission, optical modeling and characterization are performed with the aim to capture most of the physical effects potentially affecting the real performance of the two refractors. We describe the main features of the MHFT, its design drivers and the major challenges in system optimization and characterization. We provide the current status of the development of the optical system and we describe the current plan of activities related to optical performance simulation and validation.


(237)HOLISMOKES. I. Highly Optimised Lensing Investigations of Supernovae, Microlensing Objects, and Kinematics of Ellipticals and Spirals
  • S. H. Suyu,
  • S. Huber,
  • R. Cañameras,
  • M. Kromer,
  • S. Schuldt
  • +8
  • S. Taubenberger,
  • A. Yıldırım,
  • V. Bonvin,
  • J. H. H. Chan,
  • F. Courbin,
  • U. Nöbauer,
  • S. A. Sim,
  • D. Sluse
  • (less)
Astronomy and Astrophysics (12/2020) doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037757
abstract + abstract -

We present the HOLISMOKES programme on strong gravitational lensing of supernovae (SNe) as a probe of SN physics and cosmology. We investigate the effects of microlensing on early-phase SN Ia spectra using four different SN explosion models. We find that distortions of SN Ia spectra due to microlensing are typically negligible within ten rest-frame days after a SN explosion (< 1% distortion within the 1σ spread and ≲10% distortion within the 2σ spread). This shows the great prospects of using lensed SNe Ia to obtain intrinsic early-phase SN spectra for deciphering SN Ia progenitors. As a demonstration of the usefulness of lensed SNe Ia for cosmology, we simulate a sample of mock lensed SN Ia systems that are expected to have accurate and precise time-delay measurements in the era of the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). Adopting realistic yet conservative uncertainties on their time-delay distances and lens angular diameter distances, of 6.6% and 5%, respectively, we find that a sample of 20 lensed SNe Ia would allow us to constrain the Hubble constant (H0) with 1.3% uncertainty in the flat ΛCDM cosmology. We find a similar constraint on H0 in an open ΛCDM cosmology, while the constraint degrades to 3% in a flat wCDM cosmology. We anticipate lensed SNe to be an independent and powerful probe of SN physics and cosmology in the upcoming LSST era.


RU-A
(236)Another SMEFT story: Z' facing new results on ɛ'/ɛ, ΔM<SUB>K</SUB> and K → πν ν ¯
  • Jason Aebischer,
  • Andrzej J. Buras,
  • Jacky Kumar
Journal of High Energy Physics (12/2020) doi:10.1007/JHEP12(2020)097
abstract + abstract -

Recently the RBC-UKQCD lattice QCD collaboration presented new results for the hadronic matrix elements relevant for the ratio ɛ'/ɛ in the Standard Model (SM) albeit with significant uncertainties. With the present knowledge of the Wilson coefficients and isospin breaking effects there is still a sizable room left for new physics (NP) contributions to ɛ'/ɛ which could both enhance or suppress this ratio to agree with the data. The new SM value for the K0 - K¯0 mass difference ΔMK from RBC-UKQCD is on the other hand by 2σ above the data hinting for NP required to suppress ΔMK. Simultaneously the most recent results for K+ → π+ν ν ¯ from NA62 and for KL → π0ν ν ¯ from KOTO still allow for significant NP contributions. We point out that the suppression of ΔMK by NP requires the presence of new CP-violating phases with interesting implications for K → πν ν ¯, KS → μ+μ- and KL → π0+- decays. Considering a Z'-scenario within the SMEFT we analyze the dependence of all these observables on the size of NP still allowed by the data on ɛ'/ɛ. The hinted ΔMK anomaly together with the ɛK constraint implies in the presence of only left-handed (LH) or right-handed (RH) flavour-violating Z' couplings strict correlation between K+ → π+ν ν ¯ and KL → π0ν ν ¯ branching ratios so that they are either simultaneously enhanced or suppressed relative to SM predictions. An anticorrelation can only be obtained in the presence of both LH and RH couplings. Interestingly, the NP QCD penguin scenario for ɛ'/ɛ is excluded by SMEFT renormalization group effects in ɛK so that NP effects in ɛ'/ɛ are governed by electroweak penguins. We also investigate for the first time whether the presence of a heavy Z' with flavour violating couplings could generate through top Yukawa renormalization group effects FCNCs mediated by the SM Z-boson. The outcome turns out to be very interesting.


MIAPbP
(235)Classical Yang-Mills observables from amplitudes
  • Leonardo de la Cruz,
  • Ben Maybee,
  • Donal O'Connell,
  • Alasdair Ross
Journal of High Energy Physics (12/2020) doi:10.1007/JHEP12(2020)076
abstract + abstract -

The double copy suggests that the basis of the dynamics of general relativity is Yang-Mills theory. Motivated by the importance of the relativistic two-body problem, we study the classical dynamics of colour-charged particle scattering from the perspective of amplitudes, rather than equations of motion. We explain how to compute the change of colour, and the radiation of colour, during a classical collision. We apply our formalism at next-to-leading order for the colour change and at leading order for colour radiation.


(234)Topological Phase Transition in Coupled Rock-Paper-Scissors Cycles
  • Johannes Knebel,
  • Philipp M. Geiger,
  • Erwin Frey
Physical Review Letters (12/2020) doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.258301
abstract + abstract -

A hallmark of topological phases is the occurrence of topologically protected modes at the system's boundary. Here, we find topological phases in the antisymmetric Lotka-Volterra equation (ALVE). The ALVE is a nonlinear dynamical system and describes, for example, the evolutionary dynamics of a rock-paper-scissors cycle. On a one-dimensional chain of rock-paper-scissor cycles, topological phases become manifest as robust polarization states. At the transition point between left and right polarization, solitary waves are observed. This topological phase transition lies in symmetry class D within the "tenfold way" classification as also realized by 1D topological superconductors.


MIAPbP
(233)Broadband electrical action sensing techniques with conducting wires for low-mass dark matter axion detection
  • Michael E. Tobar,
  • Ben T. McAllister,
  • Maxim Goryachev
Physics of the Dark Universe (12/2020) doi:10.1016/j.dark.2020.100624
abstract + abstract -

Due to the inverse Primakoff effect, it has been shown that when axions mix with a DC B →-field, the resulting electrical action will produce an AC electromotive force, which oscillates at the Compton frequency of the axion. As in standard electrodynamics, this electromotive force may be modelled as an oscillating effective impressed magnetic current boundary source. We use this result to calculate the sensitivity of new experiments to low-mass axions using the quasi-static technique, defined as when the Compton wavelength of the axion is greater than the dimensions of the experiment. First, we calculate the current induced in a straight conducting wire (electric dipole antenna) in the limit where the DC B →-field can be considered as spatially constant and show that it has a sensitivity proportional to the axion mass. Following this we extend the topology by making use of the full extent of the spatially varying DC B →-field of the electromagnet. This is achieved by transforming the 1D conducting wire to a 2D winding with inductance, to fully link the effective magnetic current boundary source and hence couple to the full axion induced electrical action (or electromotive force). We investigate two different topologies: The first uses a single winding, and couples to the effective short circuit current generated in the winding, which is optimally read out using a sensitive low impedance SQUID amplifier: The second technique uses multiple windings, with every turn effectively increasing the induced voltage, which is proportional to the winding number. The read out of this configuration is optimised by implementing a cryogenic low-noise high input impedance voltage amplifier. The end result is the realisation of new Broadband Electrical Action Sensing Techniques with orders of magnitude improved sensitivity over current low-mass axion experiments, with a sensitivity linearly proportional to the axion-photon coupling and capable of detecting QCD dark matter axions in the mass range of 10-12 - 10-8 eV and below.